My PhD Research

 

My PhD research at Stony Brook University is mainly on scheduling algorithm design and performance analysis of communication networks. I worked on optimal scheduling algorithm design for optical networks and wireless networks, as well as on analytical modeling for optical/electronic interconnects. My research resulted in over 25 publications in peer-reviewed journals and conferences, including IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, IEEE Transactions on Communications, IEEE Transactions on Computers, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Infocom 2005, and IEEE Infocom 2004.

 

The following are several representative research projects during my PhD study.

 

Energy efficient data collection in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks enable many applications such as environmental monitoring, structural monitoring, etc. Efficient data collection is one of the key problems in wireless sensor networks. The major challenge is to achieve high efficiency under the stringent energy and CPU speed constraints of the sensor nodes. I propose an optimized strategy for data collection applications which deploys two kinds of nodes, i.e., the cluster head nodes and the basic sensor nodes, and uses polling to improve the speed of data collection. The cluster head nodes are more powerful and carry out the major heavy-duty tasks while the sensor nodes are very simple to reduce the cost. To improve the lifetime of the network, the data collection should be finished in minimum time. I study the problem of finishing polling in a multi-hop cluster in minimum time and prove that it is NP-hard, and design an practical algorithm capable of finding collision-free schedule online.

 

This project was first presented at IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) 2005; an extended version was published in IEEE Transactions on Computers.

1.     Z. Zhang, M. Ma and Y. Yang, “Energy efficient multi-hop polling in clusters of two-layered heterogeneous sensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 231-245, February 2008. [paper]

2.      Z. Zhang, M. Ma and Y. Yang, “Energy efficient multi-hop polling in clusters of two-layered heterogeneous sensor networks,” in Proc. of IEEE IPDPS, Denver, Colorado, April, 2005. 8 pages. Acceptance rate: 33.5% (115 / 343). [paper]

 

Performance modeling of interconnects with shared buffer

Switches with shared buffer represent a large class of switches. The performance of the shared-buffer switch has been studied with analytical models; however, existing models are either accurate but with exponential complexities or not very accurate. The major challenge is that the all queues share the same buffer space and are dependent on each other. I propose a novel analytical model based on the idea of aggregation, which is accurate and has polynomial complexity. Basically, the model gradually aggregates the queues into blocks in each step until all queues are aggregated into a single block. The model reduces the complexity because the block hides the details of the queues inside the block to the outside and interacts with other queues as a single entity.

 

This project was first presented at IEEE Infocom 2005; an extended version was published in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

1.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “A novel analytical model for switches with shared buffer,” IEEE Transactions on Networking, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1191-1203, October 2007. [paper]

2.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “A novel analytical model for electronic and optical switches with shared buffer, in Proc. IEEE Infocom, pp. 420-431, Miami, FL, March 2005. Acceptance rate: 18% (252 / 1400). [paper]

 

Online wavelength assignment in wavelength routing WDM networks

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) allows many independent signals to be carried by a single fiber. In a wavelength routing WDM network, the source and the destination set up an optical circuit before data communications. Wavelength converter can improve the flexibility of the network by allowing a lightpath to change wavelength such that it does not collide with another lightpath. As wavelength converter is expensive, I consider the case in which each switching node has a limited number of wavelength converters shared by all inputs ports. I study the problem of setting up optical connections using minimum number of wavelength converters and design fast and efficient wavelength assignment algorithms for both unicast and multicast traffic, which are simpler and use fewer converters than existing algorithms.

 

This project was first presented at IEEE Infocom 2005; an extended version was published in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

1.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “On-line optimal wavelength assignment in WDM networks with shared wavelength converter pool,” IEEE Transactions on Networking, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 234- 246, February, 2007. [paper]

2.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “On-line optimal wavelength assignment in WDM networks with shared wavelength converter pool,'' in Proc. of IEEE Infocom,  pp. 694-705, Miami, FL, March 2005. Acceptance rate: 18% (252 / 1400). [paper]

 

Packet scheduling and performance modeling of optical WDM interconnects

Optical WDM packet switches will be the future of switches because of the huge bandwidth of optics. I systematically study different WDM interconnects, including interconnects with no buffer, interconnects with dedicated buffer for each output fiber and interconnects with shared recirculating buffer. To save the length conversion cost, I consider limited rage wavelength converters which are capable of converting a wavelength to a limited number of other wavelengths. I design optimal scheduling algorithms based on maximum matching or maximum weight matching theories of bipartite graphs that both maximize throughput and minimize packet delay. I also propose an accurate analytical model for finding the throughput of the interconnect with no buffer.

 

Results related to this project were published in 4 journals papers, including IEEE Transactions on Computers, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on Communications, and 7 conference papers, including IEEE Infocom 2004.

1.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Performance modeling of bufferless WDM packet switching networks with wavelength conversion,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1473- 1480, August 2006. [paper]

2.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “WDM optical interconnects with recirculating buffering and limited range wavelength conversion,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 466-480, May 2006. [paper]

3.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Optimal scheduling in buffered WDM interconnects with limited range wavelength conversion capability,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 71-82, January 2006. [paper]

4.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Optimal scheduling algorithms in WDM optical interconnects with limited range wavelength conversion capability,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1012-1026, November 2004. [paper]

5.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Prioritized scheduling in WDM packet switching networks with limited range wavelength conversion,” in Proc. of IEEE Globecom, Dallas, TX, November 2004. 5 pages. Acceptance rate: 37.7% (792 / 2086). [paper]

6.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Packet scheduling in WDM optical interconnects with limited range wavelength conversion,” in Proc. of the 9th Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conference (ACSAC), LNCS 3189, pp. 335-348, Beijing, China, September 2004. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Acceptance rate: ?

7.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Optimal parallel scheduling algorithm for WDM optical interconnects with recirculating buffering,” in Proc. of International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP), pp. 458-465,  Montreal, Canada, August 2004. Acceptance rate: 34.2% (65 / 190).

8.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Distributed QoS-aware scheduling in WDM optical interconnects with arbitrary wavelength conversion capability,” in Proc. of International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP), pp. 301-308, Montreal, Canada, August 2004. Acceptance rate: 34.2% (65 / 190).

9.      Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Scheduling in buffered WDM packet switching networks with arbitrary wavelength conversion capability,” in Proc. of IEEE Infocom, pp. 1372-1382, Hong Kong, March 2004. Acceptance rate: 18% (261 / 1420). [paper]

10.  Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Performance modeling of bufferless WDM packet switching networks with wavelength conversion,” in Proc. of IEEE Globecom, pp. 2498-2502, San Francisco, CA, December 2003. Acceptance rate: 36.3% (816 / 2250). [paper]

11.  Z. Zhang and Y. Yang, “Distributed scheduling algorithms for wavelength convertible WDM optical interconnects,” in Proc. of IEEE IPDPS, Nice, France, April 2003. 8 pages. Acceptance rate: 31.8% (142 / 447). [paper]