Table of Contents

About This Guide

What This Reference Manual Contains
Conventions
Related Information

1. Implementation Defined Pragmas

Pragma Abort_Defer
Pragma Ada_83
Pragma Ada_95
Pragma Ada_05
Pragma Annotate
Pragma Assert
Pragma Ast_Entry
Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy
Pragma Comment
Pragma Common_Object
Pragma Compile_Time_Warning
Pragma Complex_Representation
Pragma Component_Alignment
Pragma Convention_Identifier
Pragma CPP_Class
Pragma CPP_Constructor
Pragma CPP_Virtual
Pragma CPP_Vtable
Pragma Debug
Pragma Detect_Blocking
Pragma Elaboration_Checks
Pragma Eliminate
Pragma Export_Exception
Pragma Export_Function
Pragma Export_Object
Pragma Export_Procedure
Pragma Export_Value
Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure
Pragma Extend_System
Pragma External
Pragma External_Name_Casing
Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only
Pragma Float_Representation
Pragma Ident
Pragma Import_Exception
Pragma Import_Function
Pragma Import_Object
Pragma Import_Procedure
Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure
Pragma Initialize_Scalars
Pragma Inline_Always
Pragma Inline_Generic
Pragma Interface
Pragma Interface_Name
Pragma Interrupt_Handler
Pragma Interrupt_State
Pragma Keep_Names
Pragma License
Pragma Link_With
Pragma Linker_Alias
Pragma Linker_Section
Pragma Long_Float
Pragma Machine_Attribute
Pragma Main_Storage
Pragma No_Return
Pragma Normalize_Scalars
Pragma Obsolescent
Pragma Passive
Pragma Polling
Pragma Profile (Ravenscar)
Pragma Profile (Restricted)
Pragma Propagate_Exceptions
Pragma Psect_Object
Pragma Pure_Function
Pragma Restriction_Warnings
Pragma Source_File_Name
Pragma Source_File_Name_Project
Pragma Source_Reference
Pragma Stream_Convert
Pragma Style_Checks
Pragma Subtitle
Pragma Suppress_All
Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations
Pragma Suppress_Initialization
Pragma Task_Info
Pragma Task_Name
Pragma Task_Storage
Pragma Thread_Body
Pragma Time_Slice
Pragma Title
Pragma Unchecked_Union
Pragma Unimplemented_Unit
Pragma Universal_Data
Pragma Unreferenced
Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts
Pragma Unsuppress
Pragma Use_VADS_Size
Pragma Validity_Checks
Pragma Volatile
Pragma Warnings
Pragma Weak_External

2. Implementation Defined Attributes

Abort_Signal
Address_Size
Asm_Input
Asm_Output
AST_Entry
Bit
Bit_Position
Code_Address
Default_Bit_Order
Elaborated
Elab_Body
Elab_Spec
Emax
Enum_Rep
Epsilon
Fixed_Value
Has_Access_Values
Has_Discriminants
Img
Integer_Value
Large
Machine_Size
Mantissa
Max_Interrupt_Priority
Max_Priority
Maximum_Alignment
Mechanism_Code
Null_Parameter
Object_Size
Passed_By_Reference
Range_Length
Safe_Emax
Safe_Large
Small
Storage_Unit
Target_Name
Tick
To_Address
Type_Class
UET_Address
Unconstrained_Array
Universal_Literal_String
Unrestricted_Access
VADS_Size
Value_Size
Wchar_T_Size
Word_Size

3. Implementation Advice

1.1.3(20): Error Detection
1.1.3(31): Child Units
1.1.5(12): Bounded Errors
2.8(16): Pragmas
2.8(17-19): Pragmas
3.5.2(5): Alternative Character Sets
3.5.4(28): Integer Types
3.5.4(29): Integer Types
3.5.5(8): Enumeration Values
3.5.7(17): Float Types
3.6.2(11): Multidimensional Arrays
9.6(30-31): Duration'Small
10.2.1(12): Consistent Representation
11.4.1(19): Exception Information
11.5(28): Suppression of Checks
13.1 (21-24): Representation Clauses
13.2(6-8): Packed Types
13.3(14-19): Address Clauses
13.3(29-35): Alignment Clauses
13.3(42-43): Size Clauses
13.3(50-56): Size Clauses
13.3(71-73): Component Size Clauses
13.4(9-10): Enumeration Representation Clauses
13.5.1(17-22): Record Representation Clauses
13.5.2(5): Storage Place Attributes
13.5.3(7-8): Bit Ordering
13.7(37): Address as Private
13.7.1(16): Address Operations
13.9(14-17): Unchecked Conversion
13.11(23-25): Implicit Heap Usage
13.11.2(17): Unchecked De-allocation
13.13.2(17): Stream Oriented Attributes
A.1(52): Names of Predefined Numeric Types
A.3.2(49): Ada.Characters.Handling
A.4.4(106): Bounded-Length String Handling
A.5.2(46-47): Random Number Generation
A.10.7(23): Get_Immediate
B.1(39-41): Pragma Export
B.2(12-13): Package Interfaces
B.3(63-71): Interfacing with C
B.4(95-98): Interfacing with COBOL
B.5(22-26): Interfacing with Fortran
C.1(3-5): Access to Machine Operations
C.1(10-16): Access to Machine Operations
C.3(28): Interrupt Support
C.3.1(20-21): Protected Procedure Handlers
C.3.2(25): Package Interrupts
C.4(14): Pre-elaboration Requirements
C.5(8): Pragma Discard_Names
C.7.2(30): The Package Task_Attributes
D.3(17): Locking Policies
D.4(16): Entry Queuing Policies
D.6(9-10): Preemptive Abort
D.7(21): Tasking Restrictions
D.8(47-49): Monotonic Time
E.5(28-29): Partition Communication Subsystem
F(7): COBOL Support
F.1(2): Decimal Radix Support
G: Numerics
G.1.1(56-58): Complex Types
G.1.2(49): Complex Elementary Functions
G.2.4(19): Accuracy Requirements
G.2.6(15): Complex Arithmetic Accuracy

4. Implementation Defined Characteristics
5. Intrinsic Subprograms

5.1 Intrinsic Operators
5.2 Enclosing_Entity
5.3 Exception_Information
5.4 Exception_Message
5.5 Exception_Name
5.6 File
5.7 Line
5.8 Rotate_Left
5.9 Rotate_Right
5.10 Shift_Left
5.11 Shift_Right
5.12 Shift_Right_Arithmetic
5.13 Source_Location

6. Representation Clauses and Pragmas

6.1 Alignment Clauses
6.2 Size Clauses
6.3 Storage_Size Clauses
6.4 Size of Variant Record Objects
6.5 Biased Representation
6.6 Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses
6.7 Component_Size Clauses
6.8 Bit_Order Clauses
6.9 Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering
6.10 Pragma Pack for Arrays
6.11 Pragma Pack for Records
6.12 Record Representation Clauses
6.13 Enumeration Clauses
6.14 Address Clauses
6.15 Effect of Convention on Representation
6.16 Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT

7. Standard Library Routines
8. The Implementation of Standard I/O

8.1 Standard I/O Packages
8.2 FORM Strings
8.3 Direct_IO
8.4 Sequential_IO
8.5 Text_IO

8.5.1 Stream Pointer Positioning
8.5.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files
8.5.3 Get_Immediate
8.5.4 Treating Text_IO Files as Streams
8.5.5 Text_IO Extensions
8.5.6 Text_IO Facilities for Unbounded Strings

8.6 Wide_Text_IO

8.6.1 Stream Pointer Positioning
8.6.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files

8.7 Wide_Wide_Text_IO

8.7.1 Stream Pointer Positioning
8.7.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files

8.8 Stream_IO
8.9 Shared Files
8.10 Open Modes
8.11 Operations on C Streams
8.12 Interfacing to C Streams

9. The GNAT Library

9.1 Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (`a-chlat9.ads')
9.2 Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (`a-cwila1.ads')
9.3 Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (`a-cwila1.ads')
9.4 Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (`a-czila1.ads')
9.5 Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (`a-czila9.ads')
9.6 Ada.Command_Line.Remove (`a-colire.ads')
9.7 Ada.Command_Line.Environment (`a-colien.ads')
9.8 Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (`a-diocst.ads')
9.9 Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (`a-einuoc.ads')
9.10 Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (`a-exctra.ads')
9.11 Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (`a-siocst.ads')
9.12 Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (`a-ssicst.ads')
9.13 Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (`a-suteio.ads')
9.14 Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (`a-swuwti.ads')
9.15 Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (`a-szuzti.ads')
9.16 Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (`a-tiocst.ads')
9.17 Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (`a-wtcstr.ads')
9.18 Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (`a-ztcstr.ads')
9.19 GNAT.Array_Split (`g-arrspl.ads')
9.20 GNAT.AWK (`g-awk.ads')
9.21 GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (`g-boubuf.ads')
9.22 GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (`g-boumai.ads')
9.23 GNAT.Bubble_Sort (`g-bubsor.ads')
9.24 GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (`g-busora.ads')
9.25 GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (`g-busorg.ads')
9.26 GNAT.Calendar (`g-calend.ads')
9.27 GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (`g-catiio.ads')
9.28 GNAT.CRC32 (`g-crc32.ads')
9.29 GNAT.Case_Util (`g-casuti.ads')
9.30 GNAT.CGI (`g-cgi.ads')
9.31 GNAT.CGI.Cookie (`g-cgicoo.ads')
9.32 GNAT.CGI.Debug (`g-cgideb.ads')
9.33 GNAT.Command_Line (`g-comlin.ads')
9.34 GNAT.Compiler_Version (`g-comver.ads')
9.35 GNAT.Ctrl_C (`g-ctrl_c.ads')
9.36 GNAT.Current_Exception (`g-curexc.ads')
9.37 GNAT.Debug_Pools (`g-debpoo.ads')
9.38 GNAT.Debug_Utilities (`g-debuti.ads')
9.39 GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)
9.40 GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (`g-dynhta.ads')
9.41 GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (`g-dyntab.ads')
9.42 GNAT.Exception_Actions (`g-excact.ads')
9.43 GNAT.Exception_Traces (`g-exctra.ads')
9.44 GNAT.Exceptions (`g-expect.ads')
9.45 GNAT.Expect (`g-expect.ads')
9.46 GNAT.Float_Control (`g-flocon.ads')
9.47 GNAT.Heap_Sort (`g-heasor.ads')
9.48 GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (`g-hesora.ads')
9.49 GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (`g-hesorg.ads')
9.50 GNAT.HTable (`g-htable.ads')
9.51 GNAT.IO (`g-io.ads')
9.52 GNAT.IO_Aux (`g-io_aux.ads')
9.53 GNAT.Lock_Files (`g-locfil.ads')
9.54 GNAT.MD5 (`g-md5.ads')
9.55 GNAT.Memory_Dump (`g-memdum.ads')
9.56 GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (`g-moreex.ads')
9.57 GNAT.OS_Lib (`g-os_lib.ads')
9.58 GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (`g-pehage.ads')
9.59 GNAT.Regexp (`g-regexp.ads')
9.60 GNAT.Registry (`g-regist.ads')
9.61 GNAT.Regpat (`g-regpat.ads')
9.62 GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (`g-sestin.ads')
9.63 GNAT.Semaphores (`g-semaph.ads')
9.64 GNAT.Signals (`g-signal.ads')
9.65 GNAT.Sockets (`g-socket.ads')
9.66 GNAT.Source_Info (`g-souinf.ads')
9.67 GNAT.Spell_Checker (`g-speche.ads')
9.68 GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (`g-spipat.ads')
9.69 GNAT.Spitbol (`g-spitbo.ads')
9.70 GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (`g-sptabo.ads')
9.71 GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (`g-sptain.ads')
9.72 GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (`g-sptavs.ads')
9.73 GNAT.Strings (`g-string.ads')
9.74 GNAT.String_Split (`g-strspl.ads')
9.75 GNAT.UTF_32 (`g-table.ads')
9.76 GNAT.Table (`g-table.ads')
9.77 GNAT.Task_Lock (`g-tasloc.ads')
9.78 GNAT.Threads (`g-thread.ads')
9.79 GNAT.Traceback (`g-traceb.ads')
9.80 GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (`g-trasym.ads')
9.81 GNAT.Wide_String_Split (`g-wistsp.ads')
9.82 GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (`g-zistsp.ads')
9.83 Interfaces.C.Extensions (`i-cexten.ads')
9.84 Interfaces.C.Streams (`i-cstrea.ads')
9.85 Interfaces.CPP (`i-cpp.ads')
9.86 Interfaces.Os2lib (`i-os2lib.ads')
9.87 Interfaces.Os2lib.Errors (`i-os2err.ads')
9.88 Interfaces.Os2lib.Synchronization (`i-os2syn.ads')
9.89 Interfaces.Os2lib.Threads (`i-os2thr.ads')
9.90 Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (`i-pacdec.ads')
9.91 Interfaces.VxWorks (`i-vxwork.ads')
9.92 Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (`i-vxwoio.ads')
9.93 System.Address_Image (`s-addima.ads')
9.94 System.Assertions (`s-assert.ads')
9.95 System.Memory (`s-memory.ads')
9.96 System.Partition_Interface (`s-parint.ads')
9.97 System.Restrictions (`s-restri.ads')
9.98 System.Rident (`s-rident.ads')
9.99 System.Task_Info (`s-tasinf.ads')
9.100 System.Wch_Cnv (`s-wchcnv.ads')
9.101 System.Wch_Con (`s-wchcon.ads')

10. Interfacing to Other Languages

10.1 Interfacing to C
10.2 Interfacing to C++
10.3 Interfacing to COBOL
10.4 Interfacing to Fortran
10.5 Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code

11. Specialized Needs Annexes
12. Implementation of Specific Ada Features

12.1 Machine Code Insertions
12.2 GNAT Implementation of Tasking

12.2.1 Mapping Ada Tasks onto the Underlying Kernel Threads
12.2.2 Ensuring Compliance with the Real-Time Annex

12.3 GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages
12.4 Code Generation for Array Aggregates

12.4.1 Static constant aggregates with static bounds
12.4.2 Constant aggregates with an unconstrained nominal types
12.4.3 Aggregates with static bounds
12.4.4 Aggregates with non-static bounds
12.4.5 Aggregates in assignment statements

12.5 The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants

13. Project File Reference

13.1 Reserved Words
13.2 Lexical Elements
13.3 Declarations
13.4 Empty declarations
13.5 Typed string declarations
13.6 Variables
13.7 Expressions

13.7.1 Concatenation

13.8 Attributes
13.9 Project Attributes
13.10 Attribute References
13.11 External Values
13.12 Case Construction
13.13 Packages

13.13.1 Package Naming
13.13.2 package Compiler
13.13.3 package Builder
13.13.4 package Gnatls
13.13.5 package Binder
13.13.6 package Linker
13.13.7 package Cross_Reference
13.13.8 package Finder
13.13.9 package Pretty_Printer
13.13.10 package IDE

13.14 Package Renamings
13.15 Projects
13.16 Project Extensions
13.17 Project File Elaboration

14. Obsolescent Features

14.1 pragma No_Run_Time
14.2 pragma Ravenscar
14.3 pragma Restricted_Run_Time

A. GNU Free Documentation License
Index