| Item | C++ | Java |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Syntax Building Blocks | ||
| built-in types | bool | boolean |
| char for the usual single-byte type | char - 2 bytes (unicode) byte - 1 byte (numeric) |
|
| no long double type | ||
| exact sizes of basic types are system-dependent | sizes for each type are fixed | |
| main function | int main() | public static void main(String[] args) |
| standalone function | method (member function) of a class, Any class can have a main method |
|
| methods | functions can be stand-alone | all methods (functions) are members of a class |
| identifiers | consist of letters, digits, underscores | same, but can also have (and start with) the dollar sign $ |
| declaring constants | uses keyword const, const int SIZE = 10; |
uses keyword final, final int SIZE = 10; |
| explicit casting | uses newer cast operators in C++ standard, x = static_cast<int>(y); |
uses older C-style cast operator, x = (int)y; |
| Control Structures | ||
| test expressions | if (expression) expression can be anything non-void. 0 = false, anything else = true. Also applies to loop test expressions |
if (boolean expression) must be a boolean expression (true/false only) -- else compile error. Also applies to loop test expressions |
| Methods | ||
| Modifiers | modifiers like public, private are labels | function modifiers (including public, private, protected) go ON the functions, before the return type |
| Parameter passing | Pass by Value Pass by Reference Pass by Address |
In Java, there is only Pass By Value |
| Method calls | Functions can be stand-alone (called by name) Functions can be methods (member functions) -- called with dot-operator from outside a class |
All functions are methods (member functions) of a class If inside the class, can call directly by name From outside a class, call with dot-operator |
| Default parameter values | C++ can have default value on parameters void Func(int x, int y = 4); |
No default values on parameters |