Final Review Sheet

Lambda expression basics

• Know what a lambda expression represents (anonymous method)
• Understand the basics of lambda expression syntax, including shortcuts
• Know where lambdas are typically used (i.e. in function parameters whose types are functional interfaces
• Be able to write a lambda expression to use where a functional interface implementation is expected (as in a paramter list)

Multithreading

• Know the basic concepts of processes and multitasking
• Know the difference between running processes concurrently and threading (running threads concurrently)
• Understand the advantages of concurrent processing with threads over doing it with different processes
• Understand the basic thread states
  • new
  • runnable
  • waiting
  • timed waiting (sleeping)
  • terminated (or dead)
• Know the two basic ways to set up tasks to run concurently:
  • Extend class Thread and override run()
  • Implement the Runnable interface
• Understand that the second of these requires that the Runnables be executed on seperately created threads -- and that methods from java.util.concurrent can help manage this
  • Executor interface (and method execute())
  • thread pools (understand the Executors methods newCachedThreadPool() and newFixedThreadPool(), and the difference between them)
• Understand synchronization -- why and when it's needed
  • Understand mutual exclusion and locks
  • keyword synchronized and built-in monitors for objects
    • includes Object class methods wait(), notify()
  • Alternate technique (since JDK 1.5.0)
    • interface java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock
      • lock()
      • unlock()
    • Condition variables, interface Condition
      • await()
      • signal()
      • signalAll()
  • Deadlock

Networking

General Concepts

• client/server model
• Connection-oriented vs. connectionless
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) vs. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• Know what a socket is

Java implementations

• package java.net
• Know how to create a URL object
• Know the basics of opening a web page from an applet or application
  • JEditorPane can be used from an application -- can handle basic HTML
• Understand the process that a client and server must use to set up connection-oriented sockets
  • class ServerSocket -- for listening for connections
  • class Socket -- for opening client sockets (connecting to the server)
• Understand the basics of creating and using datagram oriented sockets
  • class DatagramSocket -- for creating the sockets
  • class DatagramPacket -- for building packets to send over datagram sockets

Regular Expressions

• Know the basic rules for building regular expressions, including:
  • literal characters
  • character classes (includes negations, ranges, unions and intersections)
  • predefined character classes ( . \d \D \s \S \w \W )
  • the basic quantifiers (greedy): ( ? * + {n} {n,} {n,m} )
  • putting a ? after a quantifier makes it "reluctant"
  • logical operators (and, or, grouping)
  • Word and line boundaries ( \b \B ^ $ )
• Be able to take a regular expression and decide whether it matches a particular string
• Be able to write a basic regular expression using the basic rules above
• Understand the String class methods that use regular expressions:
  • matches(), replaceAll(), replaceFirst(), split()