''' This program demonstrates sets, tuples and dictionaries. '''

#Both of the lines below create an empty set
# Sets contain unordered, unique data points
set1 = set()
set2 = set([])
print(set1)
print(set2)

#If we use a sequence type in the set constructor, each individual element of 
# the sequence type becomes an element of the set
set1 = set('Spongebob Squarepants')
print(set1)

#If we want to add multiple sequence types, we can add them individually using
# a loop
list1 = ['Sponge','Squid','Star','Sandy']
for _ in list1:
    set2.add(_)
print(set2)

#All the standard set operations are availble.
print(set1 | set2) 	# set union
print(set1 & set2)	# set intersection
print(set1 - set2) 	# Set difference
print(set1 ^ set2)	#Symmetric difference

'''tuples are immutable lists. Once a tuple is constructed, it cannot be changed '''
# To create a tuple we can just put a commas separated list of elements in ()
t1 = (1,2,3,4)

#if we only have one element, we use a trailing comma, or Python will evaluate
#the value and create a regular variable.
t2 = ("Spongebob",)

#tuples support the immutable sequence type operators.
print(t1+t2) 	#concatenation
print(t1*3)	#replicates contents 3 times

''' tuples are used to pass parameters into functions using a process called 
    tuple packing. The tuple is passed to the function and is unpacked into 
    individual parameter variables at the function '''

t3 = "Squidward", "Clarinet", "Cashier", "Unrecognized Talent" 	#packing
name, instrument, job, complaint = t3		#unpacking

''' dictionaries are a set of key-value pairs. They are accessed using the key
    instead of a numerical index. To create a dictionary, use {} '''

d1 = {}		#empty dictionary
d1 = { 'Name':'Spongebob', 'pet':'Gary', 24:25}
print(d1)
# If we mention a key for the first time, it adds the key-value pair to the dict
d1['Friend'] = 'Patrick'
print(d1)
#If we mention a key that already exists, it updates the value
d1[24] = [25, 26, 27]
print(d1)

#Zipping is the process of taking 2 equal sized lists and creating a dictionary
# where the first list forms the keys and the second list forms the corresponding
# values
d2 = dict(zip(['Name','Major','Home'],['Patrick','Wumbo','Rock']))
print(d2)