diff -rupN DPF/cover/ltd_cover_all.c DPF2/cover/ltd_cover_all.c
--- DPF/cover/ltd_cover_all.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/ltd_cover_all.c	2007-01-16 21:28:24.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  The filter nodes are selected up to a given percentage.
+  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
+  Placement is chosen from the all nodes only.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+#define MAXEDGE  1000000
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int checked;
+} EDGE;
+
+char taken[MAXASN]={0}, transitness[MAXASN]={0};
+int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
+int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
+int  N=0, N_edge=0, N_checked=0, N_thresh, N_taken=0;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_maxdegree();
+int ComputePlacement();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    FILE  *transfile;
+    int  as, id, i;
+    float x;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <filter frac.>\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    /* Initialization: */
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
+    /* Read the graph: */
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    /* Get the placement size: */
+    assert((sscanf(argv[2], "%f", &x) == 1) && (x < 1.0));
+    N_thresh = x * N;
+
+    ComputePlacement();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int  ComputePlacement() 
+{
+    int	i, j, k, max_i;
+    
+
+
+    while ((N_taken < N_thresh) && ((max_i = find_maxdegree())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[max_i] );
+	taken[max_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[max_i]);
+	N_taken++;
+	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
+	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
+		if (edge[i].x == max_i || edge[i].y == max_i) {
+		    edge[i].checked = 1;
+		    N_checked++;
+		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_maxdegree()
+{
+    int	i, maxdegree=0, maxorg=0, max_i=-1;
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
+
+	/* No VC: */
+        if ( !taken[i] && 
+             ((degree[i] > maxdegree) ||
+              (degree[i]==maxdegree && orgdegree[i]>maxorg))) {
+
+	    max_i = i;
+	    maxdegree = degree[i];
+	    maxorg = orgdegree[i];
+	} 
+    }
+    return max_i;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
+    char  checked[MAXASN];
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = N++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+
+    rewind(graphfile);
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
+        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
+            checked[j] = 0;
+        checked[as] = 1;
+
+        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
+            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
+		checked[neighbor] = 1;
+		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
+		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
+		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
+		N_edge++;
+		degree[as2id[as]]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
+	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
+
+}
diff -rupN DPF/cover/ltd_cover.c DPF2/cover/ltd_cover.c
--- DPF/cover/ltd_cover.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/ltd_cover.c	2007-01-16 14:35:41.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  The filter nodes are selected up to a given percentage.
+  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
+  Placement is chosen from the transit nodes only.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+#define MAXEDGE  1000000
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int checked;
+} EDGE;
+
+char taken[MAXASN]={0}, transitness[MAXASN]={0};
+int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
+int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
+int  N=0, N_edge=0, N_checked=0, N_thresh, N_taken=0;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_maxdegree();
+int ComputePlacement();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    FILE  *transfile;
+    int  as, id, i;
+    float x;
+
+    if (argc != 4) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <Transit file> <filter frac.>\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    /* Initialization: */
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
+    /* Read the graph: */
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    /* Read the trans file: */
+    assert((transfile = fopen(argv[2], "r")) != NULL);
+    while( fscanf(transfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) {
+	if ((id = as2id[as]) != -1)
+	    transitness[id] = 1;
+    }
+    fclose(transfile);
+    /* Get the placement size: */
+    assert((sscanf(argv[3], "%f", &x) == 1) && (x < 1.0));
+    N_thresh = x * N;
+
+    ComputePlacement();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int  ComputePlacement() 
+{
+    int	i, j, k, max_i;
+    
+
+
+    while ((N_taken < N_thresh) && ((max_i = find_maxdegree())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[max_i] );
+	taken[max_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[max_i]);
+	N_taken++;
+	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
+	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
+		if (edge[i].x == max_i || edge[i].y == max_i) {
+		    edge[i].checked = 1;
+		    N_checked++;
+		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_maxdegree()
+{
+    int	i, maxdegree=0, maxorg=0, max_i=-1;
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
+
+	/* No VC: */
+        if ( transitness[i] && !taken[i] && 
+             ((degree[i] > maxdegree) ||
+              (degree[i]==maxdegree && orgdegree[i]>maxorg))) {
+
+	    max_i = i;
+	    maxdegree = degree[i];
+	    maxorg = orgdegree[i];
+	} 
+    }
+    return max_i;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
+    char  checked[MAXASN];
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = N++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+
+    rewind(graphfile);
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
+        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
+            checked[j] = 0;
+        checked[as] = 1;
+
+        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
+            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
+		checked[neighbor] = 1;
+		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
+		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
+		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
+		N_edge++;
+		degree[as2id[as]]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
+	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
+
+}
diff -rupN DPF/cover/Makefile DPF2/cover/Makefile
--- DPF/cover/Makefile	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/Makefile	2007-01-16 21:29:07.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+CC      = cc
+CFLAGS  = -O
+PROGS = vc ltd_cover rvc random_filter vc_all ltd_cover_all
+
+all:    $(PROGS)
+
+vc: vc.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+
+rvc: rvc.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+
+ltd_cover: ltd_cover.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+
+ltd_cover_all: ltd_cover_all.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+
+random_filter: random_filter.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+
+vc_all: vc_all.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+
+
+clean:  
+	$(RM) $(PROGS) core
diff -rupN DPF/cover/random_filter.c DPF2/cover/random_filter.c
--- DPF/cover/random_filter.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/random_filter.c	2007-01-16 14:35:41.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  filter nodes are chosen randomly.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+
+/* internally, we always use id, 
+ * as numbers are only used externally 
+ */
+char taken[MAXASN]={0};
+int  id2as[MAXASN];
+int N, N_left;
+int fnum;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_nextNode();
+int find_filters();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    int  i;
+    int seed;
+    float ratio;
+
+    if (argc != 4) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <ratio> <random seed> \n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+    N = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      id2as[i] = -1;
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    N_left = N;
+
+    sscanf(argv[2], "%f", &ratio);
+    fnum = (int)(N * ratio);
+
+    sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &seed);
+    srand(seed);
+
+    find_filters();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int 	find_filters() 
+{
+    int i = 0, next_i;
+    
+    while ((i < fnum) && ((next_i = find_nextnode())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[next_i] );
+	taken[next_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[next_i]);
+	i++;
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_nextnode()
+{
+    int index, next_i=-1;
+    int j, k = 0;
+    int range = N_left-1;
+
+    if (N_left <= 0) {
+	return next_i; // -1
+    }
+
+    // index of the next (untaken) node
+    index = ((float)rand())/(RAND_MAX) * range;
+    
+    for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
+	if (!taken[j]) {
+	    if (k == index) {
+		next_i = j;
+		N_left--;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    k++;
+	}
+    }
+
+    return next_i;
+}
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	as;
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[N++] = as;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+}
diff -rupN DPF/cover/random_filter.cold DPF2/cover/random_filter.cold
--- DPF/cover/random_filter.cold	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/random_filter.cold	2007-01-16 14:35:41.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
+  VC is chosen from the transit nodes only. 
+  filter nodes are chosen randomly.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+#define MAXEDGE  1000000
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int checked;
+} EDGE;
+
+char taken[MAXASN]={0}, transitness[MAXASN]={0};
+int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
+int transitNodes[MAXASN];
+int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
+int N, N_edge, N_checked, N_transit, N_transitleft;
+int fnum;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_nextNode();
+int find_vc2();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    FILE  *transfile;
+    int  as, id, i;
+    int seed;
+
+    if (argc != 5) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <Transit file> <random seed> \
+	<node number> \n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+    N = N_edge = N_checked = N_transit = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    assert((transfile = fopen(argv[2], "r")) != NULL);
+    while( fscanf(transfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) {
+	if ((id = as2id[as]) == -1) {
+	    printf("AS number %d in transit file does not exist in AS file\n", as);
+	    exit(-1);
+	}
+	transitness[id] = 1;
+	transitNodes[N_transit++] = id;
+    }
+    N_transitleft = N_transit;
+    // printf("Node transit %d\n", N_transitleft);
+    fclose(transfile);
+
+    sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &seed);
+    srand(seed);
+
+    sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &fnum);
+
+    find_vc2();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int 	find_vc2() 
+{
+    int i = 0, next_i;
+    
+    while ((i < fnum) && ((next_i = find_nextnode())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[next_i] );
+	taken[next_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[next_i]);
+	i++;
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_nextnode()
+{
+    int i, next_i=-1;
+    int j, k = 0;
+    int range = N_transitleft-1;
+
+    if (N_transitleft <= 0) {
+	return next_i; // -1
+    }
+
+    i = ((float)rand())/(RAND_MAX) * range +1;
+    
+    for (j = 0; j < N_transit; j++) {
+	if (!taken[transitNodes[j]]) {
+	    k++;
+	    if (k == i) {
+		next_i = transitNodes[j];
+		N_transitleft--;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    return next_i;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
+    char  checked[MAXASN];
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = N++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+
+    rewind(graphfile);
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
+        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
+            checked[j] = 0;
+        checked[as] = 1;
+
+        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
+            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
+		checked[neighbor] = 1;
+		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
+		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
+		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
+		N_edge++;
+		degree[as2id[as]]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
+	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
+
+}
diff -rupN DPF/cover/rvc.c DPF2/cover/rvc.c
--- DPF/cover/rvc.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/rvc.c	2007-01-16 14:35:41.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
+  VC is chosen from the transit nodes only. 
+  filter nodes are chosen randomly.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+#define MAXEDGE  1000000
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int checked;
+} EDGE;
+
+char taken[MAXASN]={0}, transitness[MAXASN]={0};
+int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
+int transitNodes[MAXASN];
+int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
+int N, N_edge, N_checked, N_transit, N_transitleft;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_nextNode();
+int find_vc2();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    FILE  *transfile;
+    int  as, id, i;
+    int seed;
+
+    if (argc != 4) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <Transit file> <random seed>\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+    N = N_edge = N_checked = N_transit = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &seed);
+    srand(seed);
+    assert((transfile = fopen(argv[2], "r")) != NULL);
+    while( fscanf(transfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) {
+	if ((id = as2id[as]) == -1) {
+	    printf("AS number %d in transit file does not exist in AS file\n", as);
+	    exit(-1);
+	}
+	transitness[id] = 1;
+	transitNodes[N_transit++] = id;
+    }
+    N_transitleft = N_transit;
+    // printf("Node transit %d\n", N_transitleft);
+    fclose(transfile);
+
+    find_vc2();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int 	find_vc2() 
+{
+    int	i, j, k, next_i;
+    
+    while ((N_checked < N_edge) && ((next_i = find_nextnode())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[next_i] );
+	taken[next_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[next_i]);
+	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
+	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
+		if (edge[i].x == next_i || edge[i].y == next_i) {
+		    edge[i].checked = 1;
+		    N_checked++;
+		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_nextnode()
+{
+    int i, next_i=-1;
+    int j, k = 0;
+    int range = N_transitleft-1;
+
+    if (N_transitleft <= 0) {
+	return next_i; // -1
+    }
+
+    i = ((float)rand())/(RAND_MAX) * range +1;
+    
+    for (j = 0; j < N_transit; j++) {
+	if (!taken[transitNodes[j]]) {
+	    k++;
+	    if (k == i) {
+		next_i = transitNodes[j];
+		N_transitleft--;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    return next_i;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
+    char  checked[MAXASN];
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = N++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+
+    rewind(graphfile);
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
+        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
+            checked[j] = 0;
+        checked[as] = 1;
+
+        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
+            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
+		checked[neighbor] = 1;
+		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
+		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
+		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
+		N_edge++;
+		degree[as2id[as]]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
+	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
+
+}
diff -rupN DPF/cover/vc_all.c DPF2/cover/vc_all.c
--- DPF/cover/vc_all.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/vc_all.c	2007-01-16 14:35:41.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
+  VC is chosen from the all nodes.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+#define MAXEDGE  1000000
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int checked;
+} EDGE;
+
+char taken[MAXASN]={0};
+int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
+int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
+int  N, N_edge, N_checked;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_maxdegree();
+int find_vc2();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    FILE  *transfile;
+    int  as, id, i;
+
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile>\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+    N = N_edge = N_checked = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    find_vc2();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int 	find_vc2() 
+{
+    int	i, j, k, max_i;
+    
+    while ((N_checked < N_edge) && ((max_i = find_maxdegree())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[max_i] );
+	taken[max_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[max_i]);
+	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
+	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
+		if (edge[i].x == max_i || edge[i].y == max_i) {
+		    edge[i].checked = 1;
+		    N_checked++;
+		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_maxdegree()
+{
+    int	i, maxdegree=0, maxorg=0, max_i=-1;
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
+        if ( ((degree[i] > maxdegree) ||
+             (degree[i]==maxdegree && maxdegree>0 && orgdegree[i]>maxorg))) {
+	    max_i = i;
+	    maxdegree = degree[i];
+	    maxorg = orgdegree[i];
+	} 
+    }
+    return max_i;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
+    char  checked[MAXASN];
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = N++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+
+    rewind(graphfile);
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
+        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
+            checked[j] = 0;
+        checked[as] = 1;
+
+        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
+            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
+		checked[neighbor] = 1;
+		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
+		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
+		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
+		N_edge++;
+		degree[as2id[as]]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
+	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
+
+}
diff -rupN DPF/cover/vc.c DPF2/cover/vc.c
--- DPF/cover/vc.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/cover/vc.c	2007-01-16 14:35:41.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
+  VC is chosen from the transit nodes only.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MAXASN  65536
+#define MAXEDGE  1000000
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int checked;
+} EDGE;
+
+char taken[MAXASN]={0}, transitness[MAXASN]={0};
+int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
+int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
+int  N, N_edge, N_checked;
+
+void read_graph();
+int find_maxdegree();
+int find_vc2();
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    FILE  *transfile;
+    int  as, id, i;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <Transit file>\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+    N = N_edge = N_checked = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
+      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
+    read_graph(argv[1]);
+    assert((transfile = fopen(argv[2], "r")) != NULL);
+    while( fscanf(transfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) {
+	if ((id = as2id[as]) == -1) {
+	    printf("AS number %d in transit file does not exist in AS file\n", as);
+	    exit(-1);
+	}
+	transitness[id] = 1;
+    }
+    fclose(transfile);
+
+    find_vc2();
+}
+
+
+
+
+int 	find_vc2() 
+{
+    int	i, j, k, max_i;
+    
+    while ((N_checked < N_edge) && ((max_i = find_maxdegree())!= -1)) {
+	assert( !taken[max_i] );
+	taken[max_i] = 1;
+        printf("%5d\n", id2as[max_i]);
+	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
+	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
+		if (edge[i].x == max_i || edge[i].y == max_i) {
+		    edge[i].checked = 1;
+		    N_checked++;
+		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+int	find_maxdegree()
+{
+    int	i, maxdegree=0, maxorg=0, max_i=-1;
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
+        if ( transitness[i] &&
+             ((degree[i] > maxdegree) ||
+              (degree[i]==maxdegree && maxdegree>0 && orgdegree[i]>maxorg))) {
+	    max_i = i;
+	    maxdegree = degree[i];
+	    maxorg = orgdegree[i];
+	} 
+    }
+    return max_i;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
+{
+    FILE  *graphfile;
+    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
+    char  checked[MAXASN];
+
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    N = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = N++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+
+    rewind(graphfile);
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
+        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
+            checked[j] = 0;
+        checked[as] = 1;
+
+        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
+            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
+		checked[neighbor] = 1;
+		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
+		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
+		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
+		N_edge++;
+		degree[as2id[as]]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
+	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
+
+}
diff -rupN DPF/doc/dpf.ps DPF2/doc/dpf.ps
--- DPF/doc/dpf.ps	2002-05-29 01:20:00.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/doc/dpf.ps	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,4486 +0,0 @@
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- @endspecial 827 3621 a Fv(Figure)31 b(2:)37 b Fz(The)27
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-(\011)3129 3633 y Fa(1)3165 3621 y Fz(.)1962 5281 y Fq(20)p
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-%%EOF
Binary files DPF/dpf/dpf-v2.pdf and DPF2/dpf/dpf-v2.pdf differ
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/extern.h DPF2/dpf/extern.h
--- DPF/dpf/extern.h	2002-05-24 03:50:03.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/extern.h	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -42,11 +42,17 @@ extern  NODE_ID  as2id[65536], id2as[655
 extern  EDGE_ID	 Degree[65536];    /* Table of node degrees */
 extern  char  Transit[65536];   /* Transit[x] is 1 if x is a transit node */
 extern  char  Filter[65536];    /* Filter[x] is 1 if x is a filter node */
-extern  int   MAX, EGRESS, SETS, ROUTE; 
-/* Specify options, such as maximal or egress filtering is in effect */
+extern  char  Egress[65536];    /* Egress[x] is 1 if x is an egress node */
+extern  int   MAX, SETS, ROUTE, TRACE; /* options such as maximal filtering */
 extern  NODE_ID  **InitialRouteTable;  /* Temporary route table, used during
 					  routing */
-extern  char    *graphfilename, *coverfilename, *transfilename;
+extern  char  *graphfilename, *coverfilename, *transfilename, *egressfilename;
 
+/* BGP */
+extern char *aspathfilename, *subnetsfilename;
+extern int BGP;
+extern NODELIST *Subnets;
+extern int PREFIX;
+/* BGP */
 
 #endif
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/filter.c DPF2/dpf/filter.c
--- DPF/dpf/filter.c	2002-05-24 03:50:01.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/filter.c	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -25,6 +25,153 @@ http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
 #include "filter.h"
 
 
+/* BGP begins*/
+
+void print_ASsubnets() 
+{
+    int i, j;
+    int asnum1, asnum2;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+	asnum1 = id2as[i];
+	asnum2 = id2as[Subnets[i].list[0]];
+	fprintf(stdout, "%d\t->\t%d", asnum1, asnum2);
+	for (j = 1; j < Subnets[i].n; j++) {
+	    asnum2 = id2as[Subnets[i].list[j]];
+	    fprintf(stdout, ":%d", asnum2);
+	}
+	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
+    }
+}
+
+void LoadSubnetsFile(char *subnetsfilename)
+{
+    FILE *subnetsfile;
+    int i, asnum1, asnum2;
+    NODE_ID id1, id2;
+    static NODE_ID buffer[MAXN];
+
+    // allocating memory for subnets
+    assert((Subnets = calloc(N, sizeof(NODELIST))) != NULL);
+    
+    // load the file
+    assert((subnetsfile = fopen(subnetsfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+    while (fscanf(subnetsfile, "%d\t->\t%d", &asnum1, &asnum2) == 2) {
+	id1 = as2id[asnum1];
+	id2 = as2id[asnum2];
+	buffer[Subnets[id1].n++] = id2;
+	while (fscanf(subnetsfile, ":%d", &asnum2) == 1) {
+	    id2 = as2id[asnum2];
+	    buffer[Subnets[id1].n++] = id2;
+	}
+	assert((Subnets[id1].list = realloc(Subnets[id1].list,
+					       Subnets[id1].n*sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL); 
+	memcpy(Subnets[id1].list, buffer, Subnets[id1].n*sizeof(NODE_ID));
+    }
+
+    // set the entries that do not have a subnet to itself
+    // id --> as ---> id
+    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+	if (Subnets[i].n == 0) {
+	    Subnets[i].n++;
+	    assert((Subnets[i].list = realloc(Subnets[i].list,
+					      Subnets[i].n*sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL);
+	    Subnets[i].list[0] = i;
+	}
+    }
+    
+    // print_ASsubnets();
+}
+    
+void TraverseASPath_SetFilters(char *aspathfilename) 
+{
+    FILE *pathfile;
+    int i, j, k, asnum;
+    char *ptr;
+    int aspath[MAXHOP];
+    char line[MAXLINE];
+    int sourceNode, n1, n2, s;
+    FTR_ID f;
+
+    assert((pathfile = fopen(aspathfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+    while (getline(line, MAXLINE, pathfile)) {
+	i = 0;
+	if ((ptr=strtok(line, WHITE)) ==NULL) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "Something wrong with this line\n");
+	    exit(-1);
+	}
+	asnum = atoi(ptr);
+	aspath[i] = asnum;
+
+	while ((ptr = strtok(NULL, WHITE)) != NULL) {
+	    asnum = atoi (ptr);
+
+	    if (aspath[i] != asnum) {
+		/* we need to skip duplicated as num */
+		// fprintf(stderr, "%d ", asnum);
+		i++;
+		aspath[i] = asnum;
+		if (i >= MAXHOP) {
+		    fprintf(stderr, "Too many hops\n");
+		    exit(-1);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	// OK, we get one AS path now. 
+	sourceNode = as2id[aspath[i]];
+	for (j = i; j > 0; j--) {
+	    n1 = as2id[aspath[j]];
+	    n2 = as2id[aspath[j-1]];
+	    for (k = 0; k < Degree[n1]; k++) {
+		if (node[n1].edge[k].to == n2) {
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (k == Degree[n1]) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "TraverseASPath_SetFilters wrong\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", i);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Line: %s", line);
+		fprintf(stderr, "%d %d\n", aspath[j], aspath[j-1]);
+		exit(-1);
+	    }
+	    f = node[n1].edge[k].ftr;
+	    if (f != fNIL) {
+		if (PREFIX) {
+		    for (k = 0; k < Subnets[sourceNode].n; k++) {
+			s = Subnets[sourceNode].list[k];
+			if (!GetBit(Filter1[f], s)) {
+			    SetBit( Filter1[f], s);
+			    AppendFilter2( Filter2[f], s);
+			}
+		    }
+		} else {
+		    if (!GetBit(Filter1[f], sourceNode)) {
+			SetBit( Filter1[f], sourceNode);
+			AppendFilter2( Filter2[f], sourceNode);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    fclose(pathfile);
+}
+
+int getline(char *line, int max, FILE *fp) {
+    if (fgets(line, max, fp) == NULL) {
+	return 0;
+    } else {
+	size_t len = strlen(line);
+	
+	if (len == (max - 1)) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "buffer is possibly small\n");
+	    fprintf(stderr, "%s", line);
+	    exit(-1);
+	}
+	return len;
+    }
+}
+/* BGP ends */
+
 void TraverseRoute_SetFilters(NODE_ID s /* source node */, 
 				 NODE_ID d /* destination */, 
 				 NODE_ID x /* current node */, 
@@ -32,12 +179,24 @@ void TraverseRoute_SetFilters(NODE_ID s 
 /* Traversing the route from s to d;  updating the filter at x */
 {
     EDGE_ID  e;
-
+    
     /* Update the filter on x, if x is a filter node */
     if ( f != fNIL ) { 
-	if ( ! GetBit( Filter1[f], s)) {
-	    SetBit( Filter1[f], s);
-	    AppendFilter2( Filter2[f], s);
+	if (PREFIX) {
+	    NODE_ID source;
+	    int k;
+	    for (k = 0; k < Subnets[s].n; k++) {
+		source = Subnets[s].list[k];
+		if (!GetBit(Filter1[f], source)) {
+		    SetBit( Filter1[f], source);
+		    AppendFilter2( Filter2[f], source);
+		}
+	    } 
+	} else {
+	    if ( ! GetBit( Filter1[f], s)) {
+		SetBit( Filter1[f], s);
+		AppendFilter2( Filter2[f], s);
+	    }
 	}
     }
 
@@ -70,6 +229,8 @@ void ComputeSets(NODE_ID t /* target des
        This setting is unset at the end of this function. */
     SetBitArray( Sta1[t] );
     Sta2[t].n = N;
+    Sta2[t].which = 0;
+    // fprintf(stderr, "N = %d\n", N);
     assert((Sta2[t].list = realloc(Sta2[t].list, N * sizeof(NODE_ID))) != 0);
     for (i=0; i<N; i++)
         Sta2[t].list[i] = i;
@@ -81,22 +242,21 @@ void ComputeSets(NODE_ID t /* target des
 	    ComputeSta(t, a, Done);
 
 
-    /* If egress filtering is on, unset spoofing at the filter nodes */
-    if(EGRESS) 
-	for (a=0; a<N; a++) 
-	    if (Filter[a]) {
-		UnsetSta(a);
-		SetBit( Sta1[a], a); /* except for s=a */
-		Sta2[a].n = 1;
-		assert((Sta2[a].list = realloc(
-		    Sta2[a].list, sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL);
-		Sta2[a].list[0] = a;
-	    }
-
-    UnsetSta(t);
-    /* Assumes that t is not counted as an attack node for itself */
+/*     /\* For the egress nodes, unset spoofing at the source *\/ */
+/*     for (a=0; a<N; a++)  */
+/* 	if (Egress[a]) { */
+/* 	    UnsetSta(a); */
+/* 	    SetBit( Sta1[a], a); /\* except for s=a *\/ */
+/* 	    Sta2[a].n = 1; */
+/* 	    Sta2[a].which = 0; */
+/* 	    assert((Sta2[a].list = realloc( */
+/* 		Sta2[a].list, sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL); */
+/* 	    Sta2[a].list[0] = a; */
+/* 	} */
+    
+/*     UnsetSta(t); */
+/*     /\* Assumes that t is not counted as an attack node for itself *\/ */
     
-
 }
 
 
@@ -128,10 +288,15 @@ void ComputeSta(NODE_ID t, NODE_ID a, ch
     if (!Filter[next_hop]) {
 	CopyBitArray(Sta1[a], Sta1[next_hop]); 
 	Sta2[a].n = Sta2[next_hop].n;
-	assert((Sta2[a].list = realloc(
-	    Sta2[a].list, Sta2[a].n * sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL);
-	memcpy(Sta2[a].list, Sta2[next_hop].list, 
-	       Sta2[a].n*sizeof(NODE_ID));
+	if (Sta2[next_hop].which ==0) {
+	    Sta2[a].which = next_hop;
+	} else {
+	    Sta2[a].which = Sta2[next_hop].which;
+	}
+	if (Sta2[a].list != NULL) {
+	    free(Sta2[a].list);
+	    Sta2[a].list = NULL;
+	}
     }
 
     /* Otherwise, take the intersection of next hop's S_ta set with
@@ -152,6 +317,7 @@ void ComputeSta(NODE_ID t, NODE_ID a, ch
 	assert((Sta2[a].list = realloc(
 	    Sta2[a].list, Sta2[a].n*sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL);
 	memcpy(Sta2[a].list, buffer, Sta2[a].n*sizeof(NODE_ID));
+	Sta2[a].which = 0;
     }
 
 }
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/filter.h DPF2/dpf/filter.h
--- DPF/dpf/filter.h	2002-05-24 03:50:03.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/filter.h	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -71,14 +71,19 @@ http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
 
 
 #define UnsetSta(i) { \
-    register int k_macro; \
+    register int k_macro, j; \
 \
     if ( Sta2[i].n > TreshUnset ) { \
 	UnsetBitArray( Sta1[i] ); \
     } \
     else { \
+        if (Sta2[i].which == 0) { \
+            j = i; \
+	} else { \
+            j = Sta2[i].which;\
+        } \
 	for (k_macro=0; k_macro < Sta2[i].n; k_macro++) \
-	    UnsetBit(Sta1[i], Sta2[i].list[k_macro]); \
+		UnsetBit(Sta1[i], Sta2[j].list[k_macro]); \
     } \
     Sta2[i].n = 0; \
 }
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/functions.h DPF2/dpf/functions.h
--- DPF/dpf/functions.h	2002-05-24 03:50:03.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/functions.h	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -55,6 +55,12 @@ void  ComputeSets(NODE_ID);
 void  SaveResults(NODE_ID);
 void  SaveStats(NODE_ID);
 void  SaveSets(NODE_ID);
+void  TraceCts(NODE_ID);
+int   TraverseRoute_CheckNode(NODE_ID, NODE_ID, NODE_ID);
+void  OutputTrace();
 
-
+/* BGP */
+void TraverseASPath_SetFilters(char *);
+int getline(char*, int, FILE*);
+void LoadSubnetsFile(char *);
 #endif
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/init.c DPF2/dpf/init.c
--- DPF/dpf/init.c	2002-05-29 01:53:24.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/init.c	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
 void  GetInputGraph()
 /* Read the input graph; create the nodes and the edges */
 {
-    FILE   *graphfile, *coverfile, *transfile;
+    FILE   *graphfile, *coverfile, *transfile, *egressfile;
     int  i, j, as, id, neighbor, degree, deg, c;
     char  checked[65536];
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void  GetInputGraph()
     }
 
 
-    /* Set filter nodes */
+    /* Get the list of filter nodes */
     assert((coverfile = fopen(coverfilename, "r")) != NULL);
     while (fscanf(coverfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) 
         Filter[as2id[as]] = 1;
@@ -88,11 +88,17 @@ void  GetInputGraph()
     }
     fclose(graphfile);
 
-    /* Get the transitness information */
+    /* Get the list of transit nodes */
     assert((transfile = fopen(transfilename, "r")) != NULL);
     while (fscanf(transfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) 
         Transit[ as2id[as] ] = 1;
     fclose(transfile);
 
+    /* Get the list of egress nodes */
+    assert((egressfile = fopen(egressfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+    while (fscanf(egressfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) 
+        Egress[ as2id[as] ] = 1;
+    fclose(egressfile);
+
 }
 
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/main.c DPF2/dpf/main.c
--- DPF/dpf/main.c	2002-05-24 03:50:02.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/main.c	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -28,33 +28,62 @@ int     N;
 FTR_ID  N_ftr=0;
 BITARRAY  *Filter1, *Sta1;
 NODELIST  *Filter2, *Sta2, *Cts2;
-int     MAX, EGRESS, SETS, ROUTE;
+int     MAX, SETS, ROUTE, TRACE;
 NODE_ID  **InitialRouteTable;
 NODE_ID  as2id[65536], id2as[65536];
 EDGE_ID	 Degree[65536]={0};
-char	 Transit[65536]={0}, Filter[65536]={0};
-char    *graphfilename, *coverfilename, *transfilename;
+char	 Transit[65536]={0}, Filter[65536]={0}, Egress[65536]={0};
+char    *graphfilename, *coverfilename, *transfilename, *egressfilename;
+
+/* added for BGP */
+char *aspathfilename, *subnetsfilename;
+int BGP = 0;
+NODELIST *Subnets;
+int PREFIX = 0;
+/* BGP */
 
 main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     NODE_ID  s, d;
     time_t time0, time1, time2, time3, time4;
+    FTR_ID ftr_tmp;
 
     time(&time0);
-    if (argc != 8) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <graphfile> <coverfile> <transfile> <MAX (0|1)> <EGRESS (0|1)> <ROUTE (0|1|2)> <SETS (0|1)>\n", argv[0]);
+    /* BGP */
+    fprintf(stdout, "argc = %d\n", argc);
+
+    if ((argc != 9) && (argc != 10) && (argc != 11)) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <graphfile> <transfile> <coverfile> \
+    <egressfile> <MAX (0|1)> <ROUTE (0|1|2)> <SETS (0|1)> <TRACE (0|1)> \
+    [pathfile] [subnetsfile]\n", argv[0]); 
 	exit(-1);
     }
     graphfilename = argv[1];
-    coverfilename = argv[2];
-    transfilename = argv[3];
-    assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &MAX) == 1);
-    assert(sscanf(argv[5], "%d", &EGRESS) == 1);
+    transfilename = argv[2];
+    coverfilename = argv[3];
+    egressfilename = argv[4];
+    assert(sscanf(argv[5], "%d", &MAX) == 1);
     assert(sscanf(argv[6], "%d", &ROUTE) == 1);
     assert(sscanf(argv[7], "%d", &SETS) == 1);
+    assert(sscanf(argv[8], "%d", &TRACE) == 1);
+
+    if (argc == 10) {
+	BGP = 1;
+	aspathfilename = argv[9];
+    } else if (argc == 11) {
+	aspathfilename = argv[9];
+	if (!(strcmp(aspathfilename, "0") == 0)) {
+	    BGP = 1;
+	}
+	PREFIX = 1;
+	subnetsfilename = argv[10];
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stdout, "BGP = %d, PREFIX = %d\n", BGP, PREFIX);
 
     fprintf(stdout, "Reading the input graph...\n");
     GetInputGraph();
+    //fprintf(stderr, "N = %d\n", N);
     OpenOutputFiles();
     time(&time1);
     fprintf(stdout, "Initialization: %d sec.\n", time1-time0);
@@ -74,33 +103,79 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		TraverseRoute_SetFilters(s, d, s, fNIL);
 	    ComputeSets(d);
 	    SaveResults(d); 
+	    if (TRACE)
+		TraceCts(d);
 	}
         time(&time4);
         fprintf(stdout, "Filter & set computation: %d sec.\n", time4-time2);
     }
     else {
+
+	if (PREFIX) {
+	    fprintf(stdout, "Loading subnets information ...\n");
+	    LoadSubnetsFile(subnetsfilename);
+	}
+
 	fprintf(stdout, "Computing the filter tables...\n");
 	AllocFilters();
 	UnsetFilters();
+/* 	if (BGP) { */
+/* 	    /\* BGP *\/ */
+/* 	    fprintf(stderr, "BGP\n"); */
+/* 	    TraverseASPath_SetFilters(aspathfilename); */
+/* 	    for (ftr_tmp = 0; ftr_tmp < N_ftr; ftr_tmp++) { */
+/* 		fprintf(stdout, "%d: %d\n", ftr_tmp, Filter2[ftr_tmp].n); */
+/* 	    } */
+/* 	} else { */
+/* 	    fprintf(stderr, "non BGP\n"); */
+/* 	    for (s=0; s<N; s++) { */
+/* 		for (d=0; d<N; d++) */
+/* 		    TraverseRoute_SetFilters(s, d, s, fNIL); */
+/* 	    } */
+/* 	    for (ftr_tmp = 0; ftr_tmp < N_ftr; ftr_tmp++) { */
+/* 		fprintf(stdout, "%d: %d\n", ftr_tmp, Filter2[ftr_tmp].n); */
+/* 	    } */
+/* 	} */
+
+	// shortest path
 	for (s=0; s<N; s++) {
 	    for (d=0; d<N; d++)
 		TraverseRoute_SetFilters(s, d, s, fNIL);
 	}
+	
+	// instead of solely relying BGP, we keep the shortest-path one
+	// since we use shortest-path routing instead of BGP
+	// REASON: we do not have the complete BGP routing information. 
+	if (BGP) {
+	    fprintf(stdout, "BGP\n");
+	    TraverseASPath_SetFilters(aspathfilename);
+	}
+
+/* 	for (ftr_tmp = 0; ftr_tmp < N_ftr; ftr_tmp++) { */
+/* 	    fprintf(stdout, "%d: %d\n", ftr_tmp, Filter2[ftr_tmp].n); */
+/* 	} */
+
 	FreeFilters1();
         time(&time3);
         fprintf(stdout, "Filter construction: %d sec.\n", time3-time2);
 	fprintf(stdout, "Computing the reachability sets...\n");
+
 	AllocSets();
 	for (d=0; d<N; d++) {
 	    ComputeSets(d);
 	    SaveResults(d); 
+	    if (TRACE)
+		TraceCts(d);
 	}
 	FreeSets();
         time(&time4);
         fprintf(stdout, "Set computation: %d sec.\n", time4-time3);
     }
 
+    if (TRACE)
+	OutputTrace();
     fprintf(stdout, "Total: %d sec.\n", time4-time0);
     fprintf(stdout, "Simulation complete.\n\n");
 
 }
+
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/Makefile DPF2/dpf/Makefile
--- DPF/dpf/Makefile	2002-04-29 19:49:11.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/Makefile	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-CC = cc
-CFLAGS = -O
+CC = gcc
+CFLAGS = -O3
+#CFLAGS = -g
 DEFINES = 
 INCLUDE = 
 LIBS =
 EXEC = dpf
-OBJ = main.o init.o preroute.o route.o filter.o output.o
+OBJ = main.o init.o preroute.o route.o filter.o output.o trace.o
 
 # Rule to create .o files from .c file
 .c.o:
Binary files DPF/dpf/MP/dpf_mp and DPF2/dpf/MP/dpf_mp differ
Binary files DPF/dpf/MP/filter.o and DPF2/dpf/MP/filter.o differ
Binary files DPF/dpf/MP/init.o and DPF2/dpf/MP/init.o differ
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/MP/main.c DPF2/dpf/MP/main.c
--- DPF/dpf/MP/main.c	2002-05-24 03:50:01.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/MP/main.c	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     time(&time0);
     if (argc != 7) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <graphfile> <coverfile> <transfile> <MAX (0|1)> <EGRESS (0|1)> <SETS (0|1)>\n", argv[0]);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <graphfile> <transfile> <coverfile> <MAX (0|1)> <EGRESS (0|1)> <SETS (0|1)>\n", argv[0]);
 	exit(-1);
     }
     graphfilename = argv[1];
-    coverfilename = argv[2];
-    transfilename = argv[3];
+    transfilename = argv[2];
+    coverfilename = argv[3];
     assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &MAX) == 1);
     assert(sscanf(argv[5], "%d", &EGRESS) == 1);
     assert(sscanf(argv[6], "%d", &SETS) == 1);
Binary files DPF/dpf/MP/main.o and DPF2/dpf/MP/main.o differ
Binary files DPF/dpf/MP/output.o and DPF2/dpf/MP/output.o differ
Binary files DPF/dpf/MP/preroute.o and DPF2/dpf/MP/preroute.o differ
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/output.c DPF2/dpf/output.c
--- DPF/dpf/output.c	2002-05-29 02:07:32.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/output.c	2007-01-17 11:50:16.000000000 -0500
@@ -32,12 +32,26 @@ void  OpenOutputFiles()
     char *stafilename, *ctsfilename;
     int n = N;
 
-    assert(( stafilename = malloc(strlen(graphfilename)+10)) != NULL);
-    assert(( ctsfilename = malloc(strlen(graphfilename)+10)) != NULL);
+    assert(( stafilename = malloc(strlen(graphfilename)+40)) != NULL);
+    assert(( ctsfilename = malloc(strlen(graphfilename)+40)) != NULL);
     strcpy(stafilename, graphfilename);
     strcpy(ctsfilename, graphfilename);
+    strcat(stafilename, ".");
+    strcat(ctsfilename, ".");
+    strcat(stafilename, coverfilename);
+    strcat(ctsfilename, coverfilename);
+
+    if (BGP) {
+	strcat(stafilename, ".BGP");
+	strcat(ctsfilename, ".BGP");
+    } 
+    if (PREFIX) {
+	strcat(stafilename, ".PREF");
+	strcat(ctsfilename, ".PREF");
+    }
     strcat(stafilename, ".Sta");
     strcat(ctsfilename, ".Cts");
+
     assert ((stafile = fopen(stafilename, "w")) != NULL); 
     assert ((ctsfile = fopen(ctsfilename, "w")) != NULL); 
 
@@ -61,7 +75,7 @@ void SaveResults(NODE_ID t /* target des
 void SaveStats(NODE_ID t /* target destination */) 
 /* Save the cardinalities of the S_at and C_st sets */
 {
-    NODE_ID  a;
+    NODE_ID a, j;
     COUNTER *S, *C;
     int i;
 
@@ -72,9 +86,22 @@ void SaveStats(NODE_ID t /* target desti
 
     /* Calculate the cardinalities of the S_ta and C_ts sets for current t */
     for(a=0; a<N; a++) {
-	S[a] = Sta2[a].n;
-	for(i=0; i < Sta2[a].n; i++) 
-	    C[ Sta2[a].list[i] ]++; 
+	if (a == t) {
+	    S[a] = 0;
+	} else if (Egress[a]) {
+	    S[a] = 1;
+	    C[a]++;
+	} else {
+	    S[a] = Sta2[a].n;
+	    if (Sta2[a].which == 0) {
+		j = a;
+	    } else {
+		j = Sta2[a].which;
+		assert(Sta2[a].n == Sta2[j].n);
+	    }
+	    for(i=0; i < Sta2[a].n; i++) 
+		C[ Sta2[j].list[i] ]++; 
+	}
     }
 
     /* Save the S and C tables */
@@ -90,7 +117,7 @@ void SaveStats(NODE_ID t /* target desti
 void SaveSets(NODE_ID t /* target destination */) 
 /* Save the S_at and C_st sets explicitly */ 
 {
-    NODE_ID  a, s;
+    NODE_ID a, s, j;
     int i, n;
 
 
@@ -99,8 +126,14 @@ void SaveSets(NODE_ID t /* target destin
 
     /* Get the C_ts set for current t */
     for(a=0; a<N; a++) {
-	for(i=0; i < Sta2[a].n; i++) {
-	    s = Sta2[a].list[i];
+	if (Sta2[a].which == 0) {
+	    j = a;
+	} else {
+	    j = Sta2[a].which;
+	    assert(Sta2[a].n == Sta2[j].which);
+	}
+	for(i=0; i < Sta2[j].n; i++) {
+	    s = Sta2[j].list[i];
 	    n = ++Cts2[s].n;
 	    assert((Cts2[s].list = realloc(
 		Cts2[s].list, n * sizeof(NODE_ID))) != NULL);
@@ -112,7 +145,8 @@ void SaveSets(NODE_ID t /* target destin
     for(a=0; a<N; a++) {
 	fprintf(stafile, "%d,%d", id2as[a], id2as[t]);
 	for(i=0; i < Sta2[a].n; i++) 
-	    fprintf(stafile, ":%d", id2as[Sta2[a].list[i]]);
+	    j = Sta2[a].which ? Sta2[a].which : a;
+	    fprintf(stafile, ":%d", id2as[Sta2[j].list[i]]);
 	fprintf(stafile, "\n");
     }
 
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/trace.c DPF2/dpf/trace.c
--- DPF/dpf/trace.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/dpf/trace.c	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+#include "extern.h"
+#include "functions.h"
+
+
+unsigned  N_st, N_unfound, N_dist1[MAXHOP];
+double    N_atckr;
+
+
+void TraceCts(NODE_ID t) {
+/* For every possible spoofed attack (a,s), s != a, 
+   on target t, find the relative location of the attacker. */
+
+    NODE_ID  a, s, x, hop_list[MAXHOP];
+    EDGE_ID  e;
+    int i, j, k, path_length;
+    
+    for (a=0; a<N; a++) {
+
+	if (Sta2[a].n <= 1)
+	    continue;
+
+	/* Get the hop list from a to t: */
+	path_length = 0;
+	for (x = a; x != t; 
+	     x = node[x].edge[node[x].rtable[t]].to)
+	    hop_list[ path_length++ ] = x;
+	/* At this point the hop_list includes all nodes on path but t */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < Sta2[a].n; i++) {
+	    if (a == (s = Sta2[a].list[i])) 
+		continue;
+	    N_atckr++;
+	    if (s == t) {
+		N_st++;
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    for (j = 0; j < path_length; j++) {
+		if ((k = TraverseRoute_CheckNode(s, t, hop_list[j])) != -1)
+		    /* intersection is found */
+		    break;
+	    }
+	    if (j == path_length) {
+		N_unfound++;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		N_dist1[j]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+int TraverseRoute_CheckNode(NODE_ID s, NODE_ID d, NODE_ID x)
+/* Traverse the route from s to d; check for node x */
+{
+    EDGE_ID  e;
+    int i;
+
+    if (s == x) 
+	return 0;
+
+    if (s == d) 
+	return -1;
+    if ((e = node[s].rtable[d]) == eNIL)
+	return -1;
+
+    i = TraverseRoute_CheckNode(node[s].edge[e].to, d, x);
+    if (i == -1)
+	return -1;
+    else 
+	return (i+1);
+
+}
+
+
+void  OutputTrace()
+/* Write out the trace information collected */
+{
+    char *trfilename;
+    FILE *trfile;
+    int  i;
+
+    /* Open the output file */
+    assert(( trfilename = malloc(strlen(graphfilename)+5)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(trfilename, graphfilename);
+    strcat(trfilename, ".tr");
+    assert ((trfile = fopen(trfilename, "w")) != NULL); 
+
+    /* Write out the trace information: */
+
+    fprintf(trfile, "Over all attack instances (a,s,t), s!=a,\n");
+    fprintf(trfile, "the distribution of the distance of the attacker a\n");
+    fprintf(trfile, "via path (a,t) to the path (s,t):\n\n");
+
+    fprintf(trfile, "Special Cases:\n");
+    fprintf(trfile, " 1)  s = t: \t\t\t\t%.5f\t(%d / %.0f)\n", 
+	    N_st/N_atckr, N_st, N_atckr);
+    fprintf(trfile, " 2)  No intersection between paths: \t%.5f\t(%d / %.0f)\n\n", N_unfound/N_atckr, N_unfound, N_atckr);
+
+    fprintf(trfile, "Distance between paths:\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < MAXHOP; i++)
+        if (N_dist1[i])
+            fprintf(trfile, "%2d\t%.5f\t(%d / %.0f)\n", 
+		    i, N_dist1[i]/N_atckr, N_dist1[i], N_atckr);
+    
+    fclose(trfile);
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/dpf/types.h DPF2/dpf/types.h
--- DPF/dpf/types.h	2002-05-24 03:50:03.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/dpf/types.h	2007-01-16 14:35:32.000000000 -0500
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
 #define MAXHOP 	250		/* maximum hops on a path */
 #define MAXN	65536		/* maximum AS number allowed */
 
-
+/* BGP */
+#define MAXLINE 1024
+#define WHITE " \t\n"
 /* Type definitions */
 
 typedef unsigned int   FTR_ID;
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ typedef long long      FILTER_CELL;
 typedef FILTER_CELL*   BITARRAY;
 typedef struct {
     NODE_CNT n;
+    NODE_ID which;
     NODE_ID *list; }   NODELIST;
 typedef struct {
     unsigned char  n;
Binary files DPF/examples/ASmap.19971108.gz and DPF2/examples/ASmap.19971108.gz differ
diff -rupN DPF/examples/example.csh DPF2/examples/example.csh
--- DPF/examples/example.csh	2002-05-24 03:48:40.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/examples/example.csh	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/csh -f
-# 
-# 
-# Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
-# 
-# This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
-# static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
-# developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
-# redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
-# Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
-# 
-# 
-# Technical Contact at Purdue University:
-# 
-# Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
-# 
-# For future version updates and related information, check the website
-# http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
-#
-
-
-set ID = 19971108
-set echo
-
-
-# 1. PREPARATION OF THE INPUT
-
-# Extracting the AS paths:
-gzip -d ASmap.$ID.gz
-../get_ASpaths.pl $ID
-gzip -f ASmap.$ID
-
-# Deducing the graph topology from AS paths:
-../get_ASgraph.pl $ID
-
-# Identifying the transit nodes:
-../get_AStrans.pl $ID
-gzip -f ASpaths.$ID
-
-# Computing vertex cover as filter placement 
-../vc/vc.trans ASgraph.$ID AStrans.$ID > ASfilter.$ID
-
-
-# 2. RUNNING THE SIMULATOR:
-
-../dpf/dpf ASgraph.$ID ASfilter.$ID AStrans.$ID 0 1 0 0
-
-
-# 3. OUTPUT ANALYSIS:
-
-../measure/psi1 3 ASgraph.$ID  > psi1.out
-../measure/transpose ASgraph.$ID.Sta ASgraph.$ID.Sat
-../measure/phi2 1 ASgraph.$ID  > phi2.out
-gzip -f ASgraph.$ID.{Cts,Sta,Sat}
-
-unset echo
\ No newline at end of file
diff -rupN DPF/get_ASgraph.pl DPF2/get_ASgraph.pl
--- DPF/get_ASgraph.pl	2002-05-29 02:58:24.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/get_ASgraph.pl	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-# 
-# 
-# Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
-# 
-# This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
-# static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
-# developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
-# redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
-# Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
-# 
-# 
-# Technical Contact at Purdue University:
-# 
-# Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
-# 
-# For future version updates and related information, check the website
-# http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
-#
-
-
-$ID = $ARGV[0];
-$infilename = "ASpaths.$ID";
-$outfilename = "ASgraph.$ID";
-open(infile,"$infilename") || die("Cannot open input file $infilename");
-open(outfile,">$outfilename") || die("Cannot open output file $outfilename");
-
-
-while($line = <infile>) {
-
-    if ($line =~ "{") {
-	$line =~ /(.*)\{(.*)\}/;
-	$AS_SEQ = $1;
-	$AS_SET = $2;
-    }
-    else {
-	$AS_SEQ = $line;
-	$AS_SET = 0;
-    }
-
-    # Process the AS_SEQ:
-    $lastas = 0;
-    @r = reverse(split(' ', $AS_SEQ));
-    while($x = pop(@r)) {
-	# while !($x > 0)
-	if (!($x > 0)) {
-	    next;
-	}
-	if (($lastas == 0) || ($lastas == $x) || $AdjMatrix{$lastas, $x}) {
-	    $lastas = $x;
-	    next;
-	}
-	$AdjMatrix{$lastas, $x}++;
-	$AdjMatrix{$x, $lastas}++;
-	$AdjList{$lastas} = join(':', $AdjList{$lastas}, $x);
-	$AdjList{$x} = join(':', $AdjList{$x}, $lastas);
-	$Degree{$lastas}++;
-	$Degree{$x}++;
-	$lastas = $x;
-    }
-
-    if (!($AS_SET)) {
-	next;
-    }
-    # Process the AS_SET:
-    @r = split(',', $AS_SET);   # 'reverse' not needed in AS_SET
-    while($x = pop(@r)) {
-	if (($lastas == 0) || ($lastas == $x) || $AdjMatrix{$lastas, $x}) {
-	    next;
-	}
-	$AdjMatrix{$lastas, $x}++;
-	$AdjMatrix{$x, $lastas}++;
-	$AdjList{$lastas} = join(':', $AdjList{$lastas}, $x);
-	$AdjList{$x} = join(':', $AdjList{$x}, $lastas);
-	$Degree{$lastas}++;
-	$Degree{$x}++;
-    }
-}
-
-
-foreach $key ( sort numerically ( keys %AdjList)) {
-    printf outfile "%d\t->\t%d\t%s\n", $key, $Degree{$key}, $AdjList{$key};
-}
-
-
-sub numerically  {         $a  <=>         $b ;}
-
diff -rupN DPF/get_ASpaths.pl DPF2/get_ASpaths.pl
--- DPF/get_ASpaths.pl	2002-05-29 02:58:24.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/get_ASpaths.pl	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-# 
-# 
-# Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
-# 
-# This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
-# static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
-# developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
-# redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
-# Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
-# 
-# 
-# Technical Contact at Purdue University:
-# 
-# Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
-# 
-# For future version updates and related information, check the website
-# http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
-#
-
-
-$ID = $ARGV[0];
-$infilename = "ASmap.$ID";
-$outfilename = "ASpaths.$ID";
-open(infile, "$infilename") || die("Cannot open input file $infilename");
-open(outfile, ">$outfilename") || die("Cannot open output file $outfilename");
-
-while($line = <infile>) {
-    if ($line =~ "LocPrf") {
-	last;  # break
-    }
-}
-
-while($line = <infile>) {
-    if ($line =~ s/(^.* 0 )//) {
-	print outfile $line;
-    }
-}
-
-close(infile);
-close(outfile);
diff -rupN DPF/get_AStrans.pl DPF2/get_AStrans.pl
--- DPF/get_AStrans.pl	2002-05-29 02:58:25.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/get_AStrans.pl	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-# 
-# 
-# Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
-# 
-# This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
-# static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
-# developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
-# redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
-# Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
-# 
-# 
-# Technical Contact at Purdue University:
-# 
-# Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
-# 
-# For future version updates and related information, check the website
-# http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
-#
-
-
-$ID=$ARGV[0];
-$infilename="ASpaths.$ID";
-$outfilename="AStrans.$ID";
-open(infile,"$infilename") || die("Cannot open input file $infilename");
-open(outfile,">$outfilename") || die("Cannot open output file $outfilename");
-
-while($line=<infile>)
-{
-    # Process the AS path:
-    @r = reverse(split(' ', $line));
-    $last_as = -1;
-    $n_list = 0;
-    while ($as = pop(@r)) {
-	if ($as =~ /\D/) { last;}  
-	# Check for duplicate entries:
-	if ($last_as != $as) {
-	    $as_list[ $n_list++ ] = $last_as = $as;	   
-	}
-    }
-
-    # Now process the duplicate-free AS path:
-    for ($i = 1; $i < ($n_list - 1); $i++) {
-	$Transit{$as_list[$i]} = 1;
-    }
-
-    # If the AS path includes an AS_SET, 
-    # take the last entry of AS_SEQ as well:
-    if ($line =~ "{") {
-	$Transit{$as_list[$n_list - 1]} = 1;
-    }
-
-}
-
-foreach $key (keys %Transit) {
-    printf outfile "%5d\n", $key;
-}
-
-close(infile);
-close(outfile);
diff -rupN DPF/Makefile DPF2/Makefile
--- DPF/Makefile	2002-05-01 01:11:21.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/Makefile	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-all:
-	cd dpf; make
-	cd dpf/MP; make
-	cd vc; make
-	cd measure; make
-
-clean:
-	cd dpf; make clean
-	cd dpf/MP; make clean
-	cd vc; make clean
-	cd measure; make clean
diff -rupN DPF/measure/Makefile DPF2/measure/Makefile
--- DPF/measure/Makefile	2002-04-29 19:40:36.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/measure/Makefile	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 CC      = cc
 CFLAGS  = -O
-PROGS	= phi1 phi2 phi3 psi1 transpose
+PROGS = phi1 phi2 phi3 psi1 transpose phi1_percent phi2_percent psi1_percent
+PROGS2 = phi1_percent_range phi2_percent_range psi1_percent_range 
+PROGS3 = phi1_range phi2_range psi1_range
 
-all:    $(PROGS)
+all: $(PROGS) $(PROGS2) $(PROGS3)
 
 phi1: phi1.c types.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
@@ -12,7 +14,25 @@ phi3: phi3.c types.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
 psi1: psi1.c types.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+phi1_percent: phi1_percent.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+phi2_percent: phi1_percent.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+psi1_percent: psi1_percent.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+phi1_percent_range: phi1_percent_range.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+phi2_percent_range: phi2_percent_range.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+psi1_percent_range: psi1_percent_range.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+phi1_range: phi1_range.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+phi2_range: phi2_range.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
+psi1_range: psi1_range.c types.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
 transpose: transpose.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
 clean:  
-	$(RM) $(PROGS) core
+	$(RM) $(PROGS) $(PROGS2) $(PROGS3) core
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi1_percent.c DPF2/measure/phi1_percent.c
--- DPF/measure/phi1_percent.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi1_percent.c	2007-01-16 14:35:43.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+float Phi1(int);
+FILE  *stafile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *S_t;
+NODE_ID indexcnt;
+int percentile(COUNTER *);
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *stafilename;
+    int x;
+    float y;
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &x) == 1);
+    assert((stafilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[2])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(stafilename, argv[2]);
+    strcat(stafilename, ".Sta");
+    assert((stafile = fopen(stafilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, stafile);
+    assert((S_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%f", &y) == 1);
+
+    if (y < 1) {
+	indexcnt = N * y;
+    } else {
+	indexcnt = N - 1 - y;
+    }
+
+    printf("Phi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Phi1(x));
+}
+
+
+float Phi1(int x)
+{
+    NODE_ID  t;
+    int count=0;
+    int value;
+
+    fseek(stafile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(S_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, stafile);
+        value = percentile(S_t);
+	if (value <= x) 
+            count++;
+    }
+    return(count/(float)N);
+}
+
+int intcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
+{
+    return (*(COUNTER *)v1 - *(COUNTER *)v2);
+}
+
+
+int percentile(COUNTER *ca) 
+{
+    NODE_ID i;
+    COUNTER tmp;
+    
+    qsort(ca, N, sizeof(COUNTER), intcmp);
+
+/*     printf("Beiging ...\n"); */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { */
+/* 	printf("%d %u\n", i, ca[i]); */
+/*     } */
+    return ca[indexcnt];
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi1_percent_range.c DPF2/measure/phi1_percent_range.c
--- DPF/measure/phi1_percent_range.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi1_percent_range.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+void Phi1();
+FILE  *stafile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *S_t;
+
+NODE_ID indexcnt;
+int percentile(COUNTER *);
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *stafilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    assert((stafilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(stafilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(stafilename, ".Sta");
+    assert((stafile = fopen(stafilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, stafile);
+    assert((S_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%f", &y) == 1);
+
+    if (y < 1) {
+	indexcnt = N * y;
+    } else {
+	indexcnt = N - 1 - y;
+    }
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    if (argc == 6) {
+	assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &step) == 1);
+	assert(sscanf(argv[5], "%d", &end) == 1);
+	taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+    }
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Phi1();
+}
+
+
+void Phi1()
+{
+    NODE_ID  t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(stafile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(S_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, stafile);
+        value = percentile(S_t);
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Phi1(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
+int intcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
+{
+    return (*(COUNTER *)v1 - *(COUNTER *)v2);
+}
+
+
+int percentile(COUNTER *ca) 
+{
+    NODE_ID i;
+    COUNTER tmp;
+    
+    qsort(ca, N, sizeof(COUNTER), intcmp);
+
+/*     printf("Beiging ...\n"); */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { */
+/* 	printf("%d %u\n", i, ca[i]); */
+/*     } */
+    return ca[indexcnt];
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi1_range.c DPF2/measure/phi1_range.c
--- DPF/measure/phi1_range.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi1_range.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+void Phi1();
+FILE  *stafile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *S_t;
+
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *stafilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    // program datafile firsttau step lasttau
+
+    assert((stafilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(stafilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(stafilename, ".Sta");
+    assert((stafile = fopen(stafilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, stafile);
+    assert((S_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    if (argc == 5) {
+	assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &step) == 1);
+	assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &end) == 1);
+	taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+    }
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Phi1();
+}
+
+
+void Phi1()
+{
+    NODE_ID s, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(stafile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(S_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, stafile);
+        // value = maxvalue(S_t);
+	value = S_t[0];
+	for (s = 1; s < N; s++) {
+	    if (value < S_t[s]) {
+		value = S_t[s];
+	    }
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Phi1(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
+
Binary files DPF/measure/phi1_range_idpf and DPF2/measure/phi1_range_idpf differ
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi1_range_idpf.c DPF2/measure/phi1_range_idpf.c
--- DPF/measure/phi1_range_idpf.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi1_range_idpf.c	2007-01-16 14:35:43.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+#define MAXASN 65536
+
+void Phi1();
+void getIDPF(char*, char*);
+FILE  *stafile;
+int N, N_filter;
+COUNTER  *S_t;
+
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+int idpf[MAXASN] = {0};
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *stafilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    // program datafile firsttau step lasttau asgraph asfilters
+
+    if (argc != 7) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s datafile first step last asgraph asfilter\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(0);
+    }
+
+    assert((stafilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(stafilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(stafilename, ".Sta");
+    assert((stafile = fopen(stafilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, stafile);
+    assert((S_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &step) == 1);
+    assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &end) == 1);
+    taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    getIDPF(argv[5], argv[6]);
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Phi1();
+}
+
+void getIDPF(char *asgraph, char *asfilters) 
+{
+    FILE *graphfile, *filterfile;
+    int id, as;
+    int nodeid;
+    int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+    
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(asgraph, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",asgraph);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    nodeid = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = nodeid++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+    fclose(graphfile);
+
+    if ((filterfile = fopen(asfilters, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "filterfile %s is not found\n",asfilters);
+	exit(1);	
+    }
+    N_filter = 0;
+    while (fscanf(filterfile, "%d\n", &as) > 0 ) {
+	N_filter++;
+	//fprintf(stderr, "as = %d\n", as);
+	idpf[as2id[as]] = 1;
+    }
+    fclose(filterfile);
+}
+void Phi1()
+{
+    NODE_ID s, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(stafile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(S_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, stafile);
+        // value = maxvalue(S_t);
+	if (idpf[t]) {
+	    value = S_t[0];
+	    for (s = 1; s < N; s++) {
+		if (value < S_t[s]) {
+		value = S_t[s];
+		}
+	    }
+	    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+		if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		    count[i]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Phi1(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N_filter);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi2_percent.c DPF2/measure/phi2_percent.c
--- DPF/measure/phi2_percent.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi2_percent.c	2007-01-16 14:35:43.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+float Phi2(int);
+FILE  *satfile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *S_a;
+NODE_ID indexcnt;
+int percentile(COUNTER *);
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *satfilename;
+    int x;
+    float y;
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &x) == 1);
+    assert((satfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[2])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(satfilename, argv[2]);
+    strcat(satfilename, ".Sat");
+    assert((satfile = fopen(satfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, satfile);
+    assert((S_a = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%f", &y) == 1);
+
+    if (y < 1) {
+	indexcnt = N * y;
+    } else {
+	indexcnt = N - 1 - y;
+    }
+
+    printf("Phi2(%d) = %f\n", x, Phi2(x));
+}
+
+
+float Phi2(int x)
+{
+    NODE_ID  a, t;
+    int count=0;
+    int value;
+
+    fseek(satfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (a=0; a<N; a++) {
+        fread(S_a, sizeof(COUNTER), N, satfile);
+	value = percentile(S_a);
+	if (value <= x) 
+            count++;
+    }
+    return(count/(float)N);
+}
+
+int intcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
+{
+    return (*(COUNTER *)v1 - *(COUNTER *)v2);
+}
+
+
+int percentile(COUNTER *ca) 
+{
+    NODE_ID i;
+    COUNTER tmp;
+    
+    qsort(ca, N, sizeof(COUNTER), intcmp);
+
+/*     printf("Beiging ...\n"); */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { */
+/* 	printf("%d %u\n", i, ca[i]); */
+/*     } */
+    return ca[indexcnt];
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi2_percent_range.c DPF2/measure/phi2_percent_range.c
--- DPF/measure/phi2_percent_range.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi2_percent_range.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+void Phi2();
+FILE  *satfile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *S_a;
+NODE_ID indexcnt;
+int percentile(COUNTER *);
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *satfilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    assert((satfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(satfilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(satfilename, ".Sat");
+    assert((satfile = fopen(satfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, satfile);
+    assert((S_a = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%f", &y) == 1);
+
+    if (y < 1) {
+	indexcnt = N * y;
+    } else {
+	indexcnt = N - 1 - y;
+    }
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    if (argc == 6) {
+	assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &step) == 1);
+	assert(sscanf(argv[5], "%d", &end) == 1);
+	taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+    }
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Phi2();
+}
+
+
+void Phi2()
+{
+    NODE_ID  a, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(satfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (a=0; a<N; a++) {
+        fread(S_a, sizeof(COUNTER), N, satfile);
+	value = percentile(S_a);
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Phi2(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
+int intcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
+{
+    return (*(COUNTER *)v1 - *(COUNTER *)v2);
+}
+
+
+int percentile(COUNTER *ca) 
+{
+    NODE_ID i;
+    COUNTER tmp;
+    
+    qsort(ca, N, sizeof(COUNTER), intcmp);
+
+/*     printf("Beiging ...\n"); */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { */
+/* 	printf("%d %u\n", i, ca[i]); */
+/*     } */
+    return ca[indexcnt];
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi2_range.c DPF2/measure/phi2_range.c
--- DPF/measure/phi2_range.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi2_range.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+void Phi2();
+FILE  *satfile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *S_a;
+
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *satfilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    // program datafile firsttau step lasttau
+
+    assert((satfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(satfilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(satfilename, ".Sat");
+    assert((satfile = fopen(satfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, satfile);
+    assert((S_a = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    if (argc == 5) {
+	assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &step) == 1);
+	assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &end) == 1);
+	taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+    }
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Phi2();
+}
+
+
+void Phi2()
+{
+    NODE_ID  a, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(satfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (a=0; a<N; a++) {
+        fread(S_a, sizeof(COUNTER), N, satfile);
+	value = S_a[0];
+	for (t = 1; t < N; t++) {
+	    if (value < S_a[t]) {
+		value = S_a[t];
+	    }
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Phi2(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
Binary files DPF/measure/phi2_range_idpf and DPF2/measure/phi2_range_idpf differ
diff -rupN DPF/measure/phi2_range_idpf.c DPF2/measure/phi2_range_idpf.c
--- DPF/measure/phi2_range_idpf.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/phi2_range_idpf.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+#define MAXASN 65536
+
+void Phi2();
+void getIDPF(char*, char*);
+FILE  *satfile;
+int N, N_filter;
+COUNTER  *S_a;
+
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+int idpf[MAXASN] = {0};
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *satfilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    // program datafile firsttau step lasttau
+
+    if (argc != 7) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s datafile first step last asgraph asfilter\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(0);
+    }
+
+    assert((satfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(satfilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(satfilename, ".Sat");
+    assert((satfile = fopen(satfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, satfile);
+    assert((S_a = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &step) == 1);
+    assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &end) == 1);
+    taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    getIDPF(argv[5], argv[6]);
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Phi2();
+}
+
+void getIDPF(char *asgraph, char *asfilters) 
+{
+    FILE *graphfile, *filterfile;
+    int id, as;
+    int nodeid;
+    int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+    
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(asgraph, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",asgraph);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    nodeid = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = nodeid++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+    fclose(graphfile);
+
+    if ((filterfile = fopen(asfilters, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "filterfile %s is not found\n",asfilters);
+	exit(1);	
+    }
+    N_filter = 0;
+    while (fscanf(filterfile, "%d\n", &as) > 0 ) {
+	N_filter++;
+	//fprintf(stderr, "as = %d\n", as);
+	idpf[as2id[as]] = 1;
+    }
+    fclose(filterfile);
+}
+
+void Phi2()
+{
+    NODE_ID  a, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(satfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (a=0; a<N; a++) {
+        fread(S_a, sizeof(COUNTER), N, satfile);
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < N && !idpf[i]) {i++;}
+	value = S_a[i];
+	for (t = i+1; t < N; t++) {
+	    if (idpf[t]) {
+		if (value < S_a[t]) {
+		    value = S_a[t];
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Phi2(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/psi1_percent.c DPF2/measure/psi1_percent.c
--- DPF/measure/psi1_percent.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/psi1_percent.c	2007-01-16 14:35:43.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+float Psi1(int);
+FILE  *ctsfile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *C_t;
+NODE_ID indexcnt;
+int percentile(COUNTER *);
+
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *ctsfilename;
+    int x;
+    float y;
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &x) == 1);
+    assert((ctsfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[2])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(ctsfilename, argv[2]);
+    strcat(ctsfilename, ".Cts");
+    assert((ctsfile = fopen(ctsfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, ctsfile);
+    assert((C_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%f", &y) == 1);
+
+    if (y < 1) {
+	indexcnt = N * y;
+    } else {
+	indexcnt = N - 1 - y;
+    }
+    printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+}
+
+float Psi1(int x)
+{
+    NODE_ID  s, t;
+    int count=0;
+    int value;
+
+    fseek(ctsfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(C_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, ctsfile);
+	value = percentile(C_t);
+	if (value <= x) 
+            count++;
+    }
+    return(count/(float)N);
+}
+
+int intcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
+{
+    return (*(COUNTER *)v1 - *(COUNTER *)v2);
+}
+
+
+int percentile(COUNTER *ca) 
+{
+    NODE_ID i;
+    COUNTER tmp;
+    
+    qsort(ca, N, sizeof(COUNTER), intcmp);
+
+/*     printf("Beiging ...\n"); */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { */
+/* 	printf("%d %u\n", i, ca[i]); */
+/*     } */
+    return ca[indexcnt];
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/psi1_percent_range.c DPF2/measure/psi1_percent_range.c
--- DPF/measure/psi1_percent_range.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/psi1_percent_range.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+void Psi1();
+FILE  *ctsfile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *C_t;
+
+int percentile(COUNTER*);
+NODE_ID indexcnt;
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *ctsfilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    assert((ctsfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(ctsfilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(ctsfilename, ".Cts");
+    assert((ctsfile = fopen(ctsfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, ctsfile);
+    assert((C_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%f", &y) == 1);
+
+    if (y < 1) {
+	indexcnt = N * y;
+    } else {
+	indexcnt = N - 1 - y;
+    }
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    if (argc == 6) {
+	assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &step) == 1);
+	assert(sscanf(argv[5], "%d", &end) == 1);
+	taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+    }
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Psi1();
+}
+
+int intcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
+{
+    return (*(COUNTER *)v1 - *(COUNTER *)v2);
+}
+
+void Psi1()
+{
+    NODE_ID  t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(ctsfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(C_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, ctsfile);
+	value = percentile(C_t);
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+int percentile(COUNTER *ca) 
+{
+    NODE_ID i;
+    COUNTER tmp;
+    
+    qsort(ca, N, sizeof(COUNTER), intcmp);
+
+/*     printf("Beiging ...\n"); */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { */
+/* 	printf("%d %u\n", i, ca[i]); */
+/*     } */
+    return ca[indexcnt];
+}
+
diff -rupN DPF/measure/psi1_range.c DPF2/measure/psi1_range.c
--- DPF/measure/psi1_range.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/psi1_range.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+void Psi1();
+FILE  *ctsfile;
+int  N;
+COUNTER  *C_t;
+
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *ctsfilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    assert((ctsfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(ctsfilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(ctsfilename, ".Cts");
+    assert((ctsfile = fopen(ctsfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, ctsfile);
+    assert((C_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    if (argc == 5) {
+	assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &step) == 1);
+	assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &end) == 1);
+	taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+    }
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Psi1();
+}
+
+void Psi1()
+{
+    NODE_ID s, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(ctsfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(C_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, ctsfile);
+	value = C_t[0];
+	for (s = 1; s < N; s++) {
+	    if (value < C_t[s]) {
+		value = C_t[s];
+	    }
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	    if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N);
+    }
+}
+
+
Binary files DPF/measure/psi1_range_idpf and DPF2/measure/psi1_range_idpf differ
diff -rupN DPF/measure/psi1_range_idpf.c DPF2/measure/psi1_range_idpf.c
--- DPF/measure/psi1_range_idpf.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ DPF2/measure/psi1_range_idpf.c	2007-01-16 14:35:42.000000000 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
+
+This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
+static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
+developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
+redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+Technical Contact at Purdue University:
+
+Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
+
+For future version updates and related information, check the website
+http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
+
+*/
+
+
+#include "types.h"
+#define MAXASN 65536
+
+void Psi1();
+void getIDPF(char*, char*);
+FILE  *ctsfile;
+int N, N_filter;
+COUNTER  *C_t;
+
+int *tauvalue;
+int *count;
+int taucnt;
+int idpf[MAXASN] = {0};
+
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char  *ctsfilename;
+    int begin, step, end, i, tau;
+    float y;
+
+    if (argc != 7) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s datafile first step last asgraph asfilter\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(0);
+    }
+
+    assert((ctsfilename = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[1])+10)) != NULL);
+    strcpy(ctsfilename, argv[1]);
+    strcat(ctsfilename, ".Cts");
+    assert((ctsfile = fopen(ctsfilename, "r")) != NULL);
+
+    fread(&N, sizeof(int), 1, ctsfile);
+    assert((C_t = (COUNTER*)calloc(N, sizeof(COUNTER))) != NULL);
+
+    assert(sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &begin) == 1);
+
+    taucnt = 1;
+    step = 0;
+    assert(sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &step) == 1);
+    assert(sscanf(argv[4], "%d", &end) == 1);
+    taucnt = (end - begin)/step + 1;
+
+    assert((tauvalue=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    assert((count=(int*)calloc(taucnt, sizeof(int))) != NULL);
+    tau = begin;
+    for(i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	count[i] = 0;
+	tauvalue[i] = tau;
+	tau += step;
+    }
+
+    getIDPF(argv[5], argv[6]);
+
+    // printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", x, Psi1(x));
+    Psi1();
+}
+
+void getIDPF(char *asgraph, char *asfilters) 
+{
+    FILE *graphfile, *filterfile;
+    int id, as;
+    int nodeid;
+    int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
+    
+    if ((graphfile = fopen(asgraph, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",asgraph);
+	exit(1);
+    };
+
+    nodeid = 0;
+    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
+	int c;
+        id2as[id = nodeid++] = as;
+	as2id[as] = id;
+        /* Skip the rest of the line */
+        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
+    }
+    fclose(graphfile);
+
+    if ((filterfile = fopen(asfilters, "r")) == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "filterfile %s is not found\n",asfilters);
+	exit(1);	
+    }
+    N_filter = 0;
+    while (fscanf(filterfile, "%d\n", &as) > 0 ) {
+	N_filter++;
+	//fprintf(stderr, "as = %d\n", as);
+	idpf[as2id[as]] = 1;
+    }
+    fclose(filterfile);
+}
+
+void Psi1()
+{
+    NODE_ID s, t;
+    int value, i;
+
+    fseek(ctsfile, (long)4, SEEK_SET);
+    for (t=0; t<N; t++) {
+        fread(C_t, sizeof(COUNTER), N, ctsfile);
+	if (idpf[t]) {
+	    value = C_t[0];
+	    for (s = 1; s < N; s++) {
+		if (value < C_t[s]) {
+		    value = C_t[s];
+		}
+	    }
+	    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+		if (value <= tauvalue[i]) 
+		count[i]++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < taucnt; i++) {
+	printf("Psi1(%d) = %f\n", tauvalue[i], count[i]/(float)N_filter);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff -rupN DPF/README DPF2/README
--- DPF/README	2002-05-28 21:39:09.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/README	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-
-			THE STATIC DPF SIMULATOR
-
-This document describes the basic procedure for installing and running the 
-Static DPF Simulator. For a quick view of how to run the simulator, see
-the c-shell script at examples/example.csh.
-
-
-CONTENTS
---------
-Abstract
-1. Overview
-3. Contents of this package
-3. Installation
-4. Using the simulator
-  4.1. Preparing the input
-  4.2. Running the simulator
-  4.3. Evaluating the output
-
-
-1. OVERVIEW
-
-The Static DPF Simulator is a tool for evaluating the performance of the
-Distributed Packet Filtering (DPF) protocol [1, 2] in a static network
-environment where the nodes and edges do not change. Given a network
-topology with a list of nodes and edges, and also given the list of the
-filter nodes in the network, the DPF simulator computes which nodes are
-able to launch an attack on other nodes using spoofed addresses if the DPF
-protocol is being run on the network.
-
-
-2. CONTENTS OF THIS PACKAGE
-
-This package consists of the following parts:
-
-- dpf/  This is the directory that includes the main simulator code.
-
-- vc/  This directory includes an auxiliary tool of the package
-to compute a vertex cover on a given graph. Vertex cover provides 
-an effective filter placement [1, 2].
-
-- measure/  This directory also includes an auxiliary part of the
-simulator package.  It provides the programs to compute the two main
-performance measures of the DPF tool, phi2 and psi1, as discussed in
-[1, 2].
-
-- examples/  This directory includes a sample set of the simulator's
-input and output files, discussed in Section 4, with <ID> = 19971108.
-The data are based on the Route Views Project's BGP dump file for
-November 8, 1997, ASmap.19971108.879009857.gz at
-http://moat.nlanr.net/Routing/rawdata/ .
-
-- get_ASgraph.pl, get_ASpaths.pl, get_AStrans.pl
-These are the perl script files for creating the simulator input 
-from a raw BGP dump file. Their usage is discussed in Section 4.1.
-
-- doc/  This directory includes a detailed documentation of the 
-simulator package.
-
-
-3. INSTALLATION
-
-Running "make" at the simulator's home directory will generate all the
-executables for the simulator as well as for the auxiliary tools.
-
-One point that needs extra care is the path information on the first line 
-of the perl script files. The paths for perl (or csh) may differ from system 
-to system, and it is the user's responsibility to make sure that the path
-information at the beginning of the script files is updated according to
-the host system. 
-(Alternatively, the scripts can be run without modifying the files by 
-preceeding the call to these commands with "perl".)
-
-To date, the package have been installed and tested on Intel x86 
-machines running Linux 2.4 and Sun Ultra-2 machines running Solaris 2.6.
-
-
-4. USING THE SIMULATOR
-
-4.1. PREPARING THE INPUT
-
-The DPF simulator takes three files as input:  One file specifying the AS
-graph topology in an adjacency list representation, one file listing the
-filter nodes, and a third file listing the transit nodes in the network.
-The following four-step procedure describes a basic way of preparing these
-input files. These steps are not an integral part of the DPF tool and can
-be skipped if the input files are obtained by other means.
-
-Before executing the following procedure, a BGP dump table in the format
-of the Oregon Route Views Project's dump tables must be present in the
-simulator's home directory. The name of this file must be in the form of
-"ASmap.<ID>", where <ID> is the identifier of the data, usually the date
-of the dump, such as 19990101.
-
-
-Step 1: Extracting the AS paths from the BGP dump file
-  Command: get_ASpaths.pl <ID> 
-  Product: ASpaths.<ID>
-
-Step 2: Deducing the graph topology from the AS paths
-  Command: get_ASgraph.pl <ID> 
-  Product: ASgraph.<ID>
-
-Step 3: Identifying the transit nodes 
-  Command: get_AStrans.pl <ID> 
-  Product: AStrans.<ID>
-
-Step 4: Computing a vertex cover for the filter placement 
-  Command: vc/vc.trans ASgraph.<ID> AStrans.<ID> > ASfilter.<ID>
-  Product: ASfilter.<ID> 
-
-
-4.2. RUNNING THE SIMULATOR
-
-The basic command to run the simulator with the input files <graph>, 
-<filter>, and <trans>, which are respectively the files that include 
-the graph topology, the list of filter nodes, and the list of transit 
-nodes, is
-
-% dpf/dpf <graph> <filter> <trans> 0 1 0 0
-
-Each of the numeric arguments 0, 1, 0, 0 is the typical value of a
-command-line option, which are explained in detail in the dpf_doc.ps
-document in this directory.
-
-The output of this simulation run would be two files, <graph>.Sta and
-<graph>.Cts. These files list the cardinality of the S_at and C_st sets
-which are discussed in the dpf_doc.ps document and further in [1, 2].
-Another useful file <graph>.Sat can be derived as,
-
-% measure/transpose <graph>.Sta <graph>.Sat
-
-
-4.3. EVALUATING THE OUTPUT
-
-There are numerous ways to measure the effectiveness of the filtering
-protocol. We provide the tools for calculating four of the important
-measures discussed by Park and Lee [1, 2]: Phi1, Phi2, Phi3, and Psi1. 
-The call structure for these functions is
-
-% measure/<function> <x> <graph>
-
-where <function> is one of phi1, phi2, phi3, psi1, <x> is the value of the
-function to be computed, and <graph> is the name of the graph file whose
-output is to be used. For example, to compute Phi2(1) on the simulation
-output of <graph>, the command is
-
-% measure/phi2 1 <graph>
-
-and the command for computing $\Psi_1(5)$ is
-
-% measure/psi1 5 <graph>
-
-
-REFERENCES
-
-1. Kihong Park and Heejo Lee.  A proactive approach to distributed DoS
-attack prevention using route-based packet filtering.  Technical Report
-CSD-TR 00-017, Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, December
-2000.
-
-2. Kihong Park and Heejo Lee.  On the effectiveness of route-based packet
-filtering for distributed DoS attack prevention in power-law internets. 
-In SIGCOMM'01. August 2001.
-
-
diff -rupN DPF/vc/Makefile DPF2/vc/Makefile
--- DPF/vc/Makefile	2002-05-01 00:25:38.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/vc/Makefile	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-CC      = cc
-CFLAGS  = -O
-PROGS	= vc.ntrans vc.trans
-
-all:    $(PROGS)
-
-vc.ntrans: vc.ntrans.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
-vc.trans: vc.trans.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $@.c
-
-clean:  
-	$(RM) $(PROGS) core
diff -rupN DPF/vc/vc.ntrans.c DPF2/vc/vc.ntrans.c
--- DPF/vc/vc.ntrans.c	2002-05-24 03:50:03.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/vc/vc.ntrans.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-/*
-
-Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
-
-This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
-static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
-developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
-redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
-Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-
-Technical Contact at Purdue University:
-
-Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
-
-For future version updates and related information, check the website
-http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
-
-*/
-
-
-/*
-  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
-*/
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#define MAXASN  65536
-#define MAXEDGE  1000000
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    int x;
-    int y;
-    int checked;
-} EDGE;
-
-char taken[MAXASN]={0};
-int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
-int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
-EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
-int  N, N_edge, N_checked;
-
-void read_graph();
-int find_maxdegree();
-int find_vc2();
-
-
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    int  as, id, i;
-
-    if (argc != 2) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> \n", argv[0]);
-	exit(-1);
-    }
-    N = N_edge = N_checked = 0;
-    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
-      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
-    read_graph(argv[1]);
-
-    find_vc2();
-}
-
-
-
-
-int 	find_vc2() 
-{
-    int	i, j, k, max_i;
-    
-    while ((N_checked < N_edge) && ((max_i = find_maxdegree())!= -1)) {
-	assert( !taken[max_i] );
-	taken[max_i] = 1;
-        printf("%5d\n", id2as[max_i]);
-	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
-	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
-		if (edge[i].x == max_i || edge[i].y == max_i) {
-		    edge[i].checked = 1;
-		    N_checked++;
-		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-}
-
-
-int	find_maxdegree()
-{
-    int	i, maxdegree=0, maxorg=0, max_i=-1;
-    for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
-        if ((degree[i] > maxdegree) ||
-            (degree[i]==maxdegree && maxdegree>0 && orgdegree[i]>maxorg)) {
-	    max_i = i;
-	    maxdegree = degree[i];
-	    maxorg = orgdegree[i];
-	} 
-    }
-    return max_i;
-}
-
-
-
-
-void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
-{
-    FILE  *graphfile;
-    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
-    char  checked[MAXASN];
-
-    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
-	exit(1);
-    };
-
-    N = 0;
-    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
-	int c;
-        id2as[id = N++] = as;
-	as2id[as] = id;
-        /* Skip the rest of the line */
-        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
-    }
-
-    rewind(graphfile);
-    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
-        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
-            checked[j] = 0;
-        checked[as] = 1;
-
-        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
-            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
-		checked[neighbor] = 1;
-		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
-		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
-		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
-		N_edge++;
-		degree[as2id[as]]++;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
-	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
-
-}
diff -rupN DPF/vc/vc.trans.c DPF2/vc/vc.trans.c
--- DPF/vc/vc.trans.c	2002-05-24 03:50:03.000000000 -0400
+++ DPF2/vc/vc.trans.c	1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-/*
-
-Copyright (C) Purdue University 2002
-
-This program, which is part of the DPF software tool kit for
-static distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) performance evaluation
-developed at the Network Systems Lab, Purdue University, may be
-redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU General
-Public License published by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-
-Technical Contact at Purdue University:
-
-Ali Selcuk (selcuk@cs.purdue.edu) or Kihong Park (park@cs.purdue.edu)
-
-For future version updates and related information, check the website
-http://www.cs.purdue.edu/nsl
-
-*/
-
-
-/*
-  Tie-breaking according to original degrees. 
-  VC is chosen from the transit nodes only.
-*/
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#define MAXASN  65536
-#define MAXEDGE  1000000
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    int x;
-    int y;
-    int checked;
-} EDGE;
-
-char taken[MAXASN]={0}, transitness[MAXASN]={0};
-int  degree[MAXASN], orgdegree[MAXASN];
-int  as2id[MAXASN], id2as[MAXASN];
-EDGE edge[MAXEDGE];
-int  N, N_edge, N_checked;
-
-void read_graph();
-int find_maxdegree();
-int find_vc2();
-
-
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    FILE  *transfile;
-    int  as, id, i;
-
-    if (argc != 3) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ASfile> <Transit file>\n", argv[0]);
-	exit(-1);
-    }
-    N = N_edge = N_checked = 0;
-    for (i=0; i<MAXASN; i++)
-      as2id[i] = id2as[i] = -1;
-    read_graph(argv[1]);
-    assert((transfile = fopen(argv[2], "r")) != NULL);
-    while( fscanf(transfile, " %d \n", &as) == 1) {
-	if ((id = as2id[as]) == -1) {
-	    printf("AS number %d in transit file does not exist in AS file\n", as);
-	    exit(-1);
-	}
-	transitness[id] = 1;
-    }
-    fclose(transfile);
-
-    find_vc2();
-}
-
-
-
-
-int 	find_vc2() 
-{
-    int	i, j, k, max_i;
-    
-    while ((N_checked < N_edge) && ((max_i = find_maxdegree())!= -1)) {
-	assert( !taken[max_i] );
-	taken[max_i] = 1;
-        printf("%5d\n", id2as[max_i]);
-	for (i=0; i< N_edge; i++) {
-	    if (edge[i].checked == 0) {
-		if (edge[i].x == max_i || edge[i].y == max_i) {
-		    edge[i].checked = 1;
-		    N_checked++;
-		    degree[edge[i].x]--;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-}
-
-
-int	find_maxdegree()
-{
-    int	i, maxdegree=0, maxorg=0, max_i=-1;
-    for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
-        if ( transitness[i] &&
-             ((degree[i] > maxdegree) ||
-              (degree[i]==maxdegree && maxdegree>0 && orgdegree[i]>maxorg))) {
-	    max_i = i;
-	    maxdegree = degree[i];
-	    maxorg = orgdegree[i];
-	} 
-    }
-    return max_i;
-}
-
-
-
-
-void	read_graph(char *graphname) 
-{
-    FILE  *graphfile;
-    int	i, j, k, as, id, neighbor, deg;
-    char  checked[MAXASN];
-
-    if ((graphfile = fopen(graphname, "r")) == NULL) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "graphfile %s is not found\n",graphname);
-	exit(1);
-    };
-
-    N = 0;
-    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d", &as) > 0 ) {
-	int c;
-        id2as[id = N++] = as;
-	as2id[as] = id;
-        /* Skip the rest of the line */
-        while( ((c = getc(graphfile)) != '\n') && (c != EOF))  ;
-    }
-
-    rewind(graphfile);
-    while (fscanf(graphfile, "%d -> %d\t", &as, &deg) == 2) {
-        for (j=0; j < 65536; j++)
-            checked[j] = 0;
-        checked[as] = 1;
-
-        while (fscanf(graphfile, ":%d", &neighbor) == 1) {
-            if ( !checked[neighbor] ) {
-		checked[neighbor] = 1;
-		edge[N_edge].x = as2id[as];
-		edge[N_edge].y = as2id[neighbor];
-		edge[N_edge].checked = 0;
-		N_edge++;
-		degree[as2id[as]]++;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    for (i=0; i<N ; i++)
-	orgdegree[i] = degree[i];
-
-}