Linux kernel & device driver programming

Cross-Referenced Linux and Device Driver Code

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Version: [ 2.6.11.8 ] [ 2.6.25 ] [ 2.6.25.8 ] [ 2.6.31.13 ] Architecture: [ i386 ]
  1 /*
  2  * Copyright 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
  3  * Thanks to Ben LaHaise for precious feedback.
  4  */
  5 #include <linux/highmem.h>
  6 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
  7 #include <linux/module.h>
  8 #include <linux/sched.h>
  9 #include <linux/slab.h>
 10 #include <linux/mm.h>
 11 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 12 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
 13 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 14 #include <linux/pfn.h>
 15 
 16 #include <asm/e820.h>
 17 #include <asm/processor.h>
 18 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 19 #include <asm/sections.h>
 20 #include <asm/setup.h>
 21 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 22 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 23 #include <asm/proto.h>
 24 #include <asm/pat.h>
 25 
 26 /*
 27  * The current flushing context - we pass it instead of 5 arguments:
 28  */
 29 struct cpa_data {
 30         unsigned long   *vaddr;
 31         pgprot_t        mask_set;
 32         pgprot_t        mask_clr;
 33         int             numpages;
 34         int             flags;
 35         unsigned long   pfn;
 36         unsigned        force_split : 1;
 37         int             curpage;
 38         struct page     **pages;
 39 };
 40 
 41 /*
 42  * Serialize cpa() (for !DEBUG_PAGEALLOC which uses large identity mappings)
 43  * using cpa_lock. So that we don't allow any other cpu, with stale large tlb
 44  * entries change the page attribute in parallel to some other cpu
 45  * splitting a large page entry along with changing the attribute.
 46  */
 47 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cpa_lock);
 48 
 49 #define CPA_FLUSHTLB 1
 50 #define CPA_ARRAY 2
 51 #define CPA_PAGES_ARRAY 4
 52 
 53 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 54 static unsigned long direct_pages_count[PG_LEVEL_NUM];
 55 
 56 void update_page_count(int level, unsigned long pages)
 57 {
 58         unsigned long flags;
 59 
 60         /* Protect against CPA */
 61         spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
 62         direct_pages_count[level] += pages;
 63         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
 64 }
 65 
 66 static void split_page_count(int level)
 67 {
 68         direct_pages_count[level]--;
 69         direct_pages_count[level - 1] += PTRS_PER_PTE;
 70 }
 71 
 72 void arch_report_meminfo(struct seq_file *m)
 73 {
 74         seq_printf(m, "DirectMap4k:    %8lu kB\n",
 75                         direct_pages_count[PG_LEVEL_4K] << 2);
 76 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE)
 77         seq_printf(m, "DirectMap2M:    %8lu kB\n",
 78                         direct_pages_count[PG_LEVEL_2M] << 11);
 79 #else
 80         seq_printf(m, "DirectMap4M:    %8lu kB\n",
 81                         direct_pages_count[PG_LEVEL_2M] << 12);
 82 #endif
 83 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 84         if (direct_gbpages)
 85                 seq_printf(m, "DirectMap1G:    %8lu kB\n",
 86                         direct_pages_count[PG_LEVEL_1G] << 20);
 87 #endif
 88 }
 89 #else
 90 static inline void split_page_count(int level) { }
 91 #endif
 92 
 93 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 94 
 95 static inline unsigned long highmap_start_pfn(void)
 96 {
 97         return __pa(_text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 98 }
 99 
100 static inline unsigned long highmap_end_pfn(void)
101 {
102         return __pa(roundup(_brk_end, PMD_SIZE)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
103 }
104 
105 #endif
106 
107 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
108 # define debug_pagealloc 1
109 #else
110 # define debug_pagealloc 0
111 #endif
112 
113 static inline int
114 within(unsigned long addr, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
115 {
116         return addr >= start && addr < end;
117 }
118 
119 /*
120  * Flushing functions
121  */
122 
123 /**
124  * clflush_cache_range - flush a cache range with clflush
125  * @addr:       virtual start address
126  * @size:       number of bytes to flush
127  *
128  * clflush is an unordered instruction which needs fencing with mfence
129  * to avoid ordering issues.
130  */
131 void clflush_cache_range(void *vaddr, unsigned int size)
132 {
133         void *vend = vaddr + size - 1;
134 
135         mb();
136 
137         for (; vaddr < vend; vaddr += boot_cpu_data.x86_clflush_size)
138                 clflush(vaddr);
139         /*
140          * Flush any possible final partial cacheline:
141          */
142         clflush(vend);
143 
144         mb();
145 }
146 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(clflush_cache_range);
147 
148 static void __cpa_flush_all(void *arg)
149 {
150         unsigned long cache = (unsigned long)arg;
151 
152         /*
153          * Flush all to work around Errata in early athlons regarding
154          * large page flushing.
155          */
156         __flush_tlb_all();
157 
158         if (cache && boot_cpu_data.x86 >= 4)
159                 wbinvd();
160 }
161 
162 static void cpa_flush_all(unsigned long cache)
163 {
164         BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
165 
166         on_each_cpu(__cpa_flush_all, (void *) cache, 1);
167 }
168 
169 static void __cpa_flush_range(void *arg)
170 {
171         /*
172          * We could optimize that further and do individual per page
173          * tlb invalidates for a low number of pages. Caveat: we must
174          * flush the high aliases on 64bit as well.
175          */
176         __flush_tlb_all();
177 }
178 
179 static void cpa_flush_range(unsigned long start, int numpages, int cache)
180 {
181         unsigned int i, level;
182         unsigned long addr;
183 
184         BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
185         WARN_ON(PAGE_ALIGN(start) != start);
186 
187         on_each_cpu(__cpa_flush_range, NULL, 1);
188 
189         if (!cache)
190                 return;
191 
192         /*
193          * We only need to flush on one CPU,
194          * clflush is a MESI-coherent instruction that
195          * will cause all other CPUs to flush the same
196          * cachelines:
197          */
198         for (i = 0, addr = start; i < numpages; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
199                 pte_t *pte = lookup_address(addr, &level);
200 
201                 /*
202                  * Only flush present addresses:
203                  */
204                 if (pte && (pte_val(*pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT))
205                         clflush_cache_range((void *) addr, PAGE_SIZE);
206         }
207 }
208 
209 static void cpa_flush_array(unsigned long *start, int numpages, int cache,
210                             int in_flags, struct page **pages)
211 {
212         unsigned int i, level;
213         unsigned long do_wbinvd = cache && numpages >= 1024; /* 4M threshold */
214 
215         BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
216 
217         on_each_cpu(__cpa_flush_all, (void *) do_wbinvd, 1);
218 
219         if (!cache || do_wbinvd)
220                 return;
221 
222         /*
223          * We only need to flush on one CPU,
224          * clflush is a MESI-coherent instruction that
225          * will cause all other CPUs to flush the same
226          * cachelines:
227          */
228         for (i = 0; i < numpages; i++) {
229                 unsigned long addr;
230                 pte_t *pte;
231 
232                 if (in_flags & CPA_PAGES_ARRAY)
233                         addr = (unsigned long)page_address(pages[i]);
234                 else
235                         addr = start[i];
236 
237                 pte = lookup_address(addr, &level);
238 
239                 /*
240                  * Only flush present addresses:
241                  */
242                 if (pte && (pte_val(*pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT))
243                         clflush_cache_range((void *)addr, PAGE_SIZE);
244         }
245 }
246 
247 /*
248  * Certain areas of memory on x86 require very specific protection flags,
249  * for example the BIOS area or kernel text. Callers don't always get this
250  * right (again, ioremap() on BIOS memory is not uncommon) so this function
251  * checks and fixes these known static required protection bits.
252  */
253 static inline pgprot_t static_protections(pgprot_t prot, unsigned long address,
254                                    unsigned long pfn)
255 {
256         pgprot_t forbidden = __pgprot(0);
257 
258         /*
259          * The BIOS area between 640k and 1Mb needs to be executable for
260          * PCI BIOS based config access (CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS) support.
261          */
262         if (within(pfn, BIOS_BEGIN >> PAGE_SHIFT, BIOS_END >> PAGE_SHIFT))
263                 pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_NX;
264 
265         /*
266          * The kernel text needs to be executable for obvious reasons
267          * Does not cover __inittext since that is gone later on. On
268          * 64bit we do not enforce !NX on the low mapping
269          */
270         if (within(address, (unsigned long)_text, (unsigned long)_etext))
271                 pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_NX;
272 
273         /*
274          * The .rodata section needs to be read-only. Using the pfn
275          * catches all aliases.
276          */
277         if (within(pfn, __pa((unsigned long)__start_rodata) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
278                    __pa((unsigned long)__end_rodata) >> PAGE_SHIFT))
279                 pgprot_val(forbidden) |= _PAGE_RW;
280 
281         prot = __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) & ~pgprot_val(forbidden));
282 
283         return prot;
284 }
285 
286 /*
287  * Lookup the page table entry for a virtual address. Return a pointer
288  * to the entry and the level of the mapping.
289  *
290  * Note: We return pud and pmd either when the entry is marked large
291  * or when the present bit is not set. Otherwise we would return a
292  * pointer to a nonexisting mapping.
293  */
294 pte_t *lookup_address(unsigned long address, unsigned int *level)
295 {
296         pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(address);
297         pud_t *pud;
298         pmd_t *pmd;
299 
300         *level = PG_LEVEL_NONE;
301 
302         if (pgd_none(*pgd))
303                 return NULL;
304 
305         pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
306         if (pud_none(*pud))
307                 return NULL;
308 
309         *level = PG_LEVEL_1G;
310         if (pud_large(*pud) || !pud_present(*pud))
311                 return (pte_t *)pud;
312 
313         pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
314         if (pmd_none(*pmd))
315                 return NULL;
316 
317         *level = PG_LEVEL_2M;
318         if (pmd_large(*pmd) || !pmd_present(*pmd))
319                 return (pte_t *)pmd;
320 
321         *level = PG_LEVEL_4K;
322 
323         return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
324 }
325 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lookup_address);
326 
327 /*
328  * Set the new pmd in all the pgds we know about:
329  */
330 static void __set_pmd_pte(pte_t *kpte, unsigned long address, pte_t pte)
331 {
332         /* change init_mm */
333         set_pte_atomic(kpte, pte);
334 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
335         if (!SHARED_KERNEL_PMD) {
336                 struct page *page;
337 
338                 list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
339                         pgd_t *pgd;
340                         pud_t *pud;
341                         pmd_t *pmd;
342 
343                         pgd = (pgd_t *)page_address(page) + pgd_index(address);
344                         pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
345                         pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
346                         set_pte_atomic((pte_t *)pmd, pte);
347                 }
348         }
349 #endif
350 }
351 
352 static int
353 try_preserve_large_page(pte_t *kpte, unsigned long address,
354                         struct cpa_data *cpa)
355 {
356         unsigned long nextpage_addr, numpages, pmask, psize, flags, addr, pfn;
357         pte_t new_pte, old_pte, *tmp;
358         pgprot_t old_prot, new_prot;
359         int i, do_split = 1;
360         unsigned int level;
361 
362         if (cpa->force_split)
363                 return 1;
364 
365         spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
366         /*
367          * Check for races, another CPU might have split this page
368          * up already:
369          */
370         tmp = lookup_address(address, &level);
371         if (tmp != kpte)
372                 goto out_unlock;
373 
374         switch (level) {
375         case PG_LEVEL_2M:
376                 psize = PMD_PAGE_SIZE;
377                 pmask = PMD_PAGE_MASK;
378                 break;
379 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
380         case PG_LEVEL_1G:
381                 psize = PUD_PAGE_SIZE;
382                 pmask = PUD_PAGE_MASK;
383                 break;
384 #endif
385         default:
386                 do_split = -EINVAL;
387                 goto out_unlock;
388         }
389 
390         /*
391          * Calculate the number of pages, which fit into this large
392          * page starting at address:
393          */
394         nextpage_addr = (address + psize) & pmask;
395         numpages = (nextpage_addr - address) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
396         if (numpages < cpa->numpages)
397                 cpa->numpages = numpages;
398 
399         /*
400          * We are safe now. Check whether the new pgprot is the same:
401          */
402         old_pte = *kpte;
403         old_prot = new_prot = pte_pgprot(old_pte);
404 
405         pgprot_val(new_prot) &= ~pgprot_val(cpa->mask_clr);
406         pgprot_val(new_prot) |= pgprot_val(cpa->mask_set);
407 
408         /*
409          * old_pte points to the large page base address. So we need
410          * to add the offset of the virtual address:
411          */
412         pfn = pte_pfn(old_pte) + ((address & (psize - 1)) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
413         cpa->pfn = pfn;
414 
415         new_prot = static_protections(new_prot, address, pfn);
416 
417         /*
418          * We need to check the full range, whether
419          * static_protection() requires a different pgprot for one of
420          * the pages in the range we try to preserve:
421          */
422         addr = address + PAGE_SIZE;
423         pfn++;
424         for (i = 1; i < cpa->numpages; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, pfn++) {
425                 pgprot_t chk_prot = static_protections(new_prot, addr, pfn);
426 
427                 if (pgprot_val(chk_prot) != pgprot_val(new_prot))
428                         goto out_unlock;
429         }
430 
431         /*
432          * If there are no changes, return. maxpages has been updated
433          * above:
434          */
435         if (pgprot_val(new_prot) == pgprot_val(old_prot)) {
436                 do_split = 0;
437                 goto out_unlock;
438         }
439 
440         /*
441          * We need to change the attributes. Check, whether we can
442          * change the large page in one go. We request a split, when
443          * the address is not aligned and the number of pages is
444          * smaller than the number of pages in the large page. Note
445          * that we limited the number of possible pages already to
446          * the number of pages in the large page.
447          */
448         if (address == (nextpage_addr - psize) && cpa->numpages == numpages) {
449                 /*
450                  * The address is aligned and the number of pages
451                  * covers the full page.
452                  */
453                 new_pte = pfn_pte(pte_pfn(old_pte), canon_pgprot(new_prot));
454                 __set_pmd_pte(kpte, address, new_pte);
455                 cpa->flags |= CPA_FLUSHTLB;
456                 do_split = 0;
457         }
458 
459 out_unlock:
460         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
461 
462         return do_split;
463 }
464 
465 static int split_large_page(pte_t *kpte, unsigned long address)
466 {
467         unsigned long flags, pfn, pfninc = 1;
468         unsigned int i, level;
469         pte_t *pbase, *tmp;
470         pgprot_t ref_prot;
471         struct page *base;
472 
473         if (!debug_pagealloc)
474                 spin_unlock(&cpa_lock);
475         base = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOTRACK, 0);
476         if (!debug_pagealloc)
477                 spin_lock(&cpa_lock);
478         if (!base)
479                 return -ENOMEM;
480 
481         spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
482         /*
483          * Check for races, another CPU might have split this page
484          * up for us already:
485          */
486         tmp = lookup_address(address, &level);
487         if (tmp != kpte)
488                 goto out_unlock;
489 
490         pbase = (pte_t *)page_address(base);
491         paravirt_alloc_pte(&init_mm, page_to_pfn(base));
492         ref_prot = pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*kpte));
493         /*
494          * If we ever want to utilize the PAT bit, we need to
495          * update this function to make sure it's converted from
496          * bit 12 to bit 7 when we cross from the 2MB level to
497          * the 4K level:
498          */
499         WARN_ON_ONCE(pgprot_val(ref_prot) & _PAGE_PAT_LARGE);
500 
501 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
502         if (level == PG_LEVEL_1G) {
503                 pfninc = PMD_PAGE_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
504                 pgprot_val(ref_prot) |= _PAGE_PSE;
505         }
506 #endif
507 
508         /*
509          * Get the target pfn from the original entry:
510          */
511         pfn = pte_pfn(*kpte);
512         for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pfn += pfninc)
513                 set_pte(&pbase[i], pfn_pte(pfn, ref_prot));
514 
515         if (address >= (unsigned long)__va(0) &&
516                 address < (unsigned long)__va(max_low_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT))
517                 split_page_count(level);
518 
519 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
520         if (address >= (unsigned long)__va(1UL<<32) &&
521                 address < (unsigned long)__va(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT))
522                 split_page_count(level);
523 #endif
524 
525         /*
526          * Install the new, split up pagetable.
527          *
528          * We use the standard kernel pagetable protections for the new
529          * pagetable protections, the actual ptes set above control the
530          * primary protection behavior:
531          */
532         __set_pmd_pte(kpte, address, mk_pte(base, __pgprot(_KERNPG_TABLE)));
533 
534         /*
535          * Intel Atom errata AAH41 workaround.
536          *
537          * The real fix should be in hw or in a microcode update, but
538          * we also probabilistically try to reduce the window of having
539          * a large TLB mixed with 4K TLBs while instruction fetches are
540          * going on.
541          */
542         __flush_tlb_all();
543 
544         base = NULL;
545 
546 out_unlock:
547         /*
548          * If we dropped out via the lookup_address check under
549          * pgd_lock then stick the page back into the pool:
550          */
551         if (base)
552                 __free_page(base);
553         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
554 
555         return 0;
556 }
557 
558 static int __cpa_process_fault(struct cpa_data *cpa, unsigned long vaddr,
559                                int primary)
560 {
561         /*
562          * Ignore all non primary paths.
563          */
564         if (!primary)
565                 return 0;
566 
567         /*
568          * Ignore the NULL PTE for kernel identity mapping, as it is expected
569          * to have holes.
570          * Also set numpages to '1' indicating that we processed cpa req for
571          * one virtual address page and its pfn. TBD: numpages can be set based
572          * on the initial value and the level returned by lookup_address().
573          */
574         if (within(vaddr, PAGE_OFFSET,
575                    PAGE_OFFSET + (max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT))) {
576                 cpa->numpages = 1;
577                 cpa->pfn = __pa(vaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
578                 return 0;
579         } else {
580                 WARN(1, KERN_WARNING "CPA: called for zero pte. "
581                         "vaddr = %lx cpa->vaddr = %lx\n", vaddr,
582                         *cpa->vaddr);
583 
584                 return -EFAULT;
585         }
586 }
587 
588 static int __change_page_attr(struct cpa_data *cpa, int primary)
589 {
590         unsigned long address;
591         int do_split, err;
592         unsigned int level;
593         pte_t *kpte, old_pte;
594 
595         if (cpa->flags & CPA_PAGES_ARRAY) {
596                 struct page *page = cpa->pages[cpa->curpage];
597                 if (unlikely(PageHighMem(page)))
598                         return 0;
599                 address = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
600         } else if (cpa->flags & CPA_ARRAY)
601                 address = cpa->vaddr[cpa->curpage];
602         else
603                 address = *cpa->vaddr;
604 repeat:
605         kpte = lookup_address(address, &level);
606         if (!kpte)
607                 return __cpa_process_fault(cpa, address, primary);
608 
609         old_pte = *kpte;
610         if (!pte_val(old_pte))
611                 return __cpa_process_fault(cpa, address, primary);
612 
613         if (level == PG_LEVEL_4K) {
614                 pte_t new_pte;
615                 pgprot_t new_prot = pte_pgprot(old_pte);
616                 unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(old_pte);
617 
618                 pgprot_val(new_prot) &= ~pgprot_val(cpa->mask_clr);
619                 pgprot_val(new_prot) |= pgprot_val(cpa->mask_set);
620 
621                 new_prot = static_protections(new_prot, address, pfn);
622 
623                 /*
624                  * We need to keep the pfn from the existing PTE,
625                  * after all we're only going to change it's attributes
626                  * not the memory it points to
627                  */
628                 new_pte = pfn_pte(pfn, canon_pgprot(new_prot));
629                 cpa->pfn = pfn;
630                 /*
631                  * Do we really change anything ?
632                  */
633                 if (pte_val(old_pte) != pte_val(new_pte)) {
634                         set_pte_atomic(kpte, new_pte);
635                         cpa->flags |= CPA_FLUSHTLB;
636                 }
637                 cpa->numpages = 1;
638                 return 0;
639         }
640 
641         /*
642          * Check, whether we can keep the large page intact
643          * and just change the pte:
644          */
645         do_split = try_preserve_large_page(kpte, address, cpa);
646         /*
647          * When the range fits into the existing large page,
648          * return. cp->numpages and cpa->tlbflush have been updated in
649          * try_large_page:
650          */
651         if (do_split <= 0)
652                 return do_split;
653 
654         /*
655          * We have to split the large page:
656          */
657         err = split_large_page(kpte, address);
658         if (!err) {
659                 /*
660                  * Do a global flush tlb after splitting the large page
661                  * and before we do the actual change page attribute in the PTE.
662                  *
663                  * With out this, we violate the TLB application note, that says
664                  * "The TLBs may contain both ordinary and large-page
665                  *  translations for a 4-KByte range of linear addresses. This
666                  *  may occur if software modifies the paging structures so that
667                  *  the page size used for the address range changes. If the two
668                  *  translations differ with respect to page frame or attributes
669                  *  (e.g., permissions), processor behavior is undefined and may
670                  *  be implementation-specific."
671                  *
672                  * We do this global tlb flush inside the cpa_lock, so that we
673                  * don't allow any other cpu, with stale tlb entries change the
674                  * page attribute in parallel, that also falls into the
675                  * just split large page entry.
676                  */
677                 flush_tlb_all();
678                 goto repeat;
679         }
680 
681         return err;
682 }
683 
684 static int __change_page_attr_set_clr(struct cpa_data *cpa, int checkalias);
685 
686 static int cpa_process_alias(struct cpa_data *cpa)
687 {
688         struct cpa_data alias_cpa;
689         unsigned long laddr = (unsigned long)__va(cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
690         unsigned long vaddr, remapped;
691         int ret;
692 
693         if (cpa->pfn >= max_pfn_mapped)
694                 return 0;
695 
696 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
697         if (cpa->pfn >= max_low_pfn_mapped && cpa->pfn < (1UL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT)))
698                 return 0;
699 #endif
700         /*
701          * No need to redo, when the primary call touched the direct
702          * mapping already:
703          */
704         if (cpa->flags & CPA_PAGES_ARRAY) {
705                 struct page *page = cpa->pages[cpa->curpage];
706                 if (unlikely(PageHighMem(page)))
707                         return 0;
708                 vaddr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
709         } else if (cpa->flags & CPA_ARRAY)
710                 vaddr = cpa->vaddr[cpa->curpage];
711         else
712                 vaddr = *cpa->vaddr;
713 
714         if (!(within(vaddr, PAGE_OFFSET,
715                     PAGE_OFFSET + (max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT)))) {
716 
717                 alias_cpa = *cpa;
718                 alias_cpa.vaddr = &laddr;
719                 alias_cpa.flags &= ~(CPA_PAGES_ARRAY | CPA_ARRAY);
720 
721                 ret = __change_page_attr_set_clr(&alias_cpa, 0);
722                 if (ret)
723                         return ret;
724         }
725 
726 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
727         /*
728          * If the primary call didn't touch the high mapping already
729          * and the physical address is inside the kernel map, we need
730          * to touch the high mapped kernel as well:
731          */
732         if (!within(vaddr, (unsigned long)_text, _brk_end) &&
733             within(cpa->pfn, highmap_start_pfn(), highmap_end_pfn())) {
734                 unsigned long temp_cpa_vaddr = (cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) +
735                                                __START_KERNEL_map - phys_base;
736                 alias_cpa = *cpa;
737                 alias_cpa.vaddr = &temp_cpa_vaddr;
738                 alias_cpa.flags &= ~(CPA_PAGES_ARRAY | CPA_ARRAY);
739 
740                 /*
741                  * The high mapping range is imprecise, so ignore the
742                  * return value.
743                  */
744                 __change_page_attr_set_clr(&alias_cpa, 0);
745         }
746 #endif
747 
748         /*
749          * If the PMD page was partially used for per-cpu remapping,
750          * the recycled area needs to be split and modified.  Because
751          * the area is always proper subset of a PMD page
752          * cpa->numpages is guaranteed to be 1 for these areas, so
753          * there's no need to loop over and check for further remaps.
754          */
755         remapped = (unsigned long)pcpu_lpage_remapped((void *)laddr);
756         if (remapped) {
757                 WARN_ON(cpa->numpages > 1);
758                 alias_cpa = *cpa;
759                 alias_cpa.vaddr = &remapped;
760                 alias_cpa.flags &= ~(CPA_PAGES_ARRAY | CPA_ARRAY);
761                 ret = __change_page_attr_set_clr(&alias_cpa, 0);
762                 if (ret)
763                         return ret;
764         }
765 
766         return 0;
767 }
768 
769 static int __change_page_attr_set_clr(struct cpa_data *cpa, int checkalias)
770 {
771         int ret, numpages = cpa->numpages;
772 
773         while (numpages) {
774                 /*
775                  * Store the remaining nr of pages for the large page
776                  * preservation check.
777                  */
778                 cpa->numpages = numpages;
779                 /* for array changes, we can't use large page */
780                 if (cpa->flags & (CPA_ARRAY | CPA_PAGES_ARRAY))
781                         cpa->numpages = 1;
782 
783                 if (!debug_pagealloc)
784                         spin_lock(&cpa_lock);
785                 ret = __change_page_attr(cpa, checkalias);
786                 if (!debug_pagealloc)
787                         spin_unlock(&cpa_lock);
788                 if (ret)
789                         return ret;
790 
791                 if (checkalias) {
792                         ret = cpa_process_alias(cpa);
793                         if (ret)
794                                 return ret;
795                 }
796 
797                 /*
798                  * Adjust the number of pages with the result of the
799                  * CPA operation. Either a large page has been
800                  * preserved or a single page update happened.
801                  */
802                 BUG_ON(cpa->numpages > numpages);
803                 numpages -= cpa->numpages;
804                 if (cpa->flags & (CPA_PAGES_ARRAY | CPA_ARRAY))
805                         cpa->curpage++;
806                 else
807                         *cpa->vaddr += cpa->numpages * PAGE_SIZE;
808 
809         }
810         return 0;
811 }
812 
813 static inline int cache_attr(pgprot_t attr)
814 {
815         return pgprot_val(attr) &
816                 (_PAGE_PAT | _PAGE_PAT_LARGE | _PAGE_PWT | _PAGE_PCD);
817 }
818 
819 static int change_page_attr_set_clr(unsigned long *addr, int numpages,
820                                     pgprot_t mask_set, pgprot_t mask_clr,
821                                     int force_split, int in_flag,
822                                     struct page **pages)
823 {
824         struct cpa_data cpa;
825         int ret, cache, checkalias;
826         unsigned long baddr = 0;
827 
828         /*
829          * Check, if we are requested to change a not supported
830          * feature:
831          */
832         mask_set = canon_pgprot(mask_set);
833         mask_clr = canon_pgprot(mask_clr);
834         if (!pgprot_val(mask_set) && !pgprot_val(mask_clr) && !force_split)
835                 return 0;
836 
837         /* Ensure we are PAGE_SIZE aligned */
838         if (in_flag & CPA_ARRAY) {
839                 int i;
840                 for (i = 0; i < numpages; i++) {
841                         if (addr[i] & ~PAGE_MASK) {
842                                 addr[i] &= PAGE_MASK;
843                                 WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
844                         }
845                 }
846         } else if (!(in_flag & CPA_PAGES_ARRAY)) {
847                 /*
848                  * in_flag of CPA_PAGES_ARRAY implies it is aligned.
849                  * No need to cehck in that case
850                  */
851                 if (*addr & ~PAGE_MASK) {
852                         *addr &= PAGE_MASK;
853                         /*
854                          * People should not be passing in unaligned addresses:
855                          */
856                         WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
857                 }
858                 /*
859                  * Save address for cache flush. *addr is modified in the call
860                  * to __change_page_attr_set_clr() below.
861                  */
862                 baddr = *addr;
863         }
864 
865         /* Must avoid aliasing mappings in the highmem code */
866         kmap_flush_unused();
867 
868         vm_unmap_aliases();
869 
870         cpa.vaddr = addr;
871         cpa.pages = pages;
872         cpa.numpages = numpages;
873         cpa.mask_set = mask_set;
874         cpa.mask_clr = mask_clr;
875         cpa.flags = 0;
876         cpa.curpage = 0;
877         cpa.force_split = force_split;
878 
879         if (in_flag & (CPA_ARRAY | CPA_PAGES_ARRAY))
880                 cpa.flags |= in_flag;
881 
882         /* No alias checking for _NX bit modifications */
883         checkalias = (pgprot_val(mask_set) | pgprot_val(mask_clr)) != _PAGE_NX;
884 
885         ret = __change_page_attr_set_clr(&cpa, checkalias);
886 
887         /*
888          * Check whether we really changed something:
889          */
890         if (!(cpa.flags & CPA_FLUSHTLB))
891                 goto out;
892 
893         /*
894          * No need to flush, when we did not set any of the caching
895          * attributes:
896          */
897         cache = cache_attr(mask_set);
898 
899         /*
900          * On success we use clflush, when the CPU supports it to
901          * avoid the wbindv. If the CPU does not support it and in the
902          * error case we fall back to cpa_flush_all (which uses
903          * wbindv):
904          */
905         if (!ret && cpu_has_clflush) {
906                 if (cpa.flags & (CPA_PAGES_ARRAY | CPA_ARRAY)) {
907                         cpa_flush_array(addr, numpages, cache,
908                                         cpa.flags, pages);
909                 } else
910                         cpa_flush_range(baddr, numpages, cache);
911         } else
912                 cpa_flush_all(cache);
913 
914 out:
915         return ret;
916 }
917 
918 static inline int change_page_attr_set(unsigned long *addr, int numpages,
919                                        pgprot_t mask, int array)
920 {
921         return change_page_attr_set_clr(addr, numpages, mask, __pgprot(0), 0,
922                 (array ? CPA_ARRAY : 0), NULL);
923 }
924 
925 static inline int change_page_attr_clear(unsigned long *addr, int numpages,
926                                          pgprot_t mask, int array)
927 {
928         return change_page_attr_set_clr(addr, numpages, __pgprot(0), mask, 0,
929                 (array ? CPA_ARRAY : 0), NULL);
930 }
931 
932 static inline int cpa_set_pages_array(struct page **pages, int numpages,
933                                        pgprot_t mask)
934 {
935         return change_page_attr_set_clr(NULL, numpages, mask, __pgprot(0), 0,
936                 CPA_PAGES_ARRAY, pages);
937 }
938 
939 static inline int cpa_clear_pages_array(struct page **pages, int numpages,
940                                          pgprot_t mask)
941 {
942         return change_page_attr_set_clr(NULL, numpages, __pgprot(0), mask, 0,
943                 CPA_PAGES_ARRAY, pages);
944 }
945 
946 int _set_memory_uc(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
947 {
948         /*
949          * for now UC MINUS. see comments in ioremap_nocache()
950          */
951         return change_page_attr_set(&addr, numpages,
952                                     __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS), 0);
953 }
954 
955 int set_memory_uc(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
956 {
957         int ret;
958 
959         /*
960          * for now UC MINUS. see comments in ioremap_nocache()
961          */
962         ret = reserve_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE,
963                             _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS, NULL);
964         if (ret)
965                 goto out_err;
966 
967         ret = _set_memory_uc(addr, numpages);
968         if (ret)
969                 goto out_free;
970 
971         return 0;
972 
973 out_free:
974         free_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
975 out_err:
976         return ret;
977 }
978 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_uc);
979 
980 int set_memory_array_uc(unsigned long *addr, int addrinarray)
981 {
982         int i, j;
983         int ret;
984 
985         /*
986          * for now UC MINUS. see comments in ioremap_nocache()
987          */
988         for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++) {
989                 ret = reserve_memtype(__pa(addr[i]), __pa(addr[i]) + PAGE_SIZE,
990                                         _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS, NULL);
991                 if (ret)
992                         goto out_free;
993         }
994 
995         ret = change_page_attr_set(addr, addrinarray,
996                                     __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS), 1);
997         if (ret)
998                 goto out_free;
999 
1000         return 0;
1001 
1002 out_free:
1003         for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
1004                 free_memtype(__pa(addr[j]), __pa(addr[j]) + PAGE_SIZE);
1005 
1006         return ret;
1007 }
1008 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_array_uc);
1009 
1010 int _set_memory_wc(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1011 {
1012         int ret;
1013         unsigned long addr_copy = addr;
1014 
1015         ret = change_page_attr_set(&addr, numpages,
1016                                     __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS), 0);
1017         if (!ret) {
1018                 ret = change_page_attr_set_clr(&addr_copy, numpages,
1019                                                __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_WC),
1020                                                __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_MASK),
1021                                                0, 0, NULL);
1022         }
1023         return ret;
1024 }
1025 
1026 int set_memory_wc(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1027 {
1028         int ret;
1029 
1030         if (!pat_enabled)
1031                 return set_memory_uc(addr, numpages);
1032 
1033         ret = reserve_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE,
1034                 _PAGE_CACHE_WC, NULL);
1035         if (ret)
1036                 goto out_err;
1037 
1038         ret = _set_memory_wc(addr, numpages);
1039         if (ret)
1040                 goto out_free;
1041 
1042         return 0;
1043 
1044 out_free:
1045         free_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
1046 out_err:
1047         return ret;
1048 }
1049 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_wc);
1050 
1051 int _set_memory_wb(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1052 {
1053         return change_page_attr_clear(&addr, numpages,
1054                                       __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_MASK), 0);
1055 }
1056 
1057 int set_memory_wb(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1058 {
1059         int ret;
1060 
1061         ret = _set_memory_wb(addr, numpages);
1062         if (ret)
1063                 return ret;
1064 
1065         free_memtype(__pa(addr), __pa(addr) + numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
1066         return 0;
1067 }
1068 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_wb);
1069 
1070 int set_memory_array_wb(unsigned long *addr, int addrinarray)
1071 {
1072         int i;
1073         int ret;
1074 
1075         ret = change_page_attr_clear(addr, addrinarray,
1076                                       __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_MASK), 1);
1077         if (ret)
1078                 return ret;
1079 
1080         for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++)
1081                 free_memtype(__pa(addr[i]), __pa(addr[i]) + PAGE_SIZE);
1082 
1083         return 0;
1084 }
1085 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_array_wb);
1086 
1087 int set_memory_x(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1088 {
1089         return change_page_attr_clear(&addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_NX), 0);
1090 }
1091 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_x);
1092 
1093 int set_memory_nx(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1094 {
1095         return change_page_attr_set(&addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_NX), 0);
1096 }
1097 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_nx);
1098 
1099 int set_memory_ro(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1100 {
1101         return change_page_attr_clear(&addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_RW), 0);
1102 }
1103 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_memory_ro);
1104 
1105 int set_memory_rw(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1106 {
1107         return change_page_attr_set(&addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_RW), 0);
1108 }
1109 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_memory_rw);
1110 
1111 int set_memory_np(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1112 {
1113         return change_page_attr_clear(&addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT), 0);
1114 }
1115 
1116 int set_memory_4k(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
1117 {
1118         return change_page_attr_set_clr(&addr, numpages, __pgprot(0),
1119                                         __pgprot(0), 1, 0, NULL);
1120 }
1121 
1122 int set_pages_uc(struct page *page, int numpages)
1123 {
1124         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
1125 
1126         return set_memory_uc(addr, numpages);
1127 }
1128 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_uc);
1129 
1130 int set_pages_array_uc(struct page **pages, int addrinarray)
1131 {
1132         unsigned long start;
1133         unsigned long end;
1134         int i;
1135         int free_idx;
1136 
1137         for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++) {
1138                 if (PageHighMem(pages[i]))
1139                         continue;
1140                 start = page_to_pfn(pages[i]) << PAGE_SHIFT;
1141                 end = start + PAGE_SIZE;
1142                 if (reserve_memtype(start, end, _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS, NULL))
1143                         goto err_out;
1144         }
1145 
1146         if (cpa_set_pages_array(pages, addrinarray,
1147                         __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS)) == 0) {
1148                 return 0; /* Success */
1149         }
1150 err_out:
1151         free_idx = i;
1152         for (i = 0; i < free_idx; i++) {
1153                 if (PageHighMem(pages[i]))
1154                         continue;
1155                 start = page_to_pfn(pages[i]) << PAGE_SHIFT;
1156                 end = start + PAGE_SIZE;
1157                 free_memtype(start, end);
1158         }
1159         return -EINVAL;
1160 }
1161 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_array_uc);
1162 
1163 int set_pages_wb(struct page *page, int numpages)
1164 {
1165         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
1166 
1167         return set_memory_wb(addr, numpages);
1168 }
1169 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_wb);
1170 
1171 int set_pages_array_wb(struct page **pages, int addrinarray)
1172 {
1173         int retval;
1174         unsigned long start;
1175         unsigned long end;
1176         int i;
1177 
1178         retval = cpa_clear_pages_array(pages, addrinarray,
1179                         __pgprot(_PAGE_CACHE_MASK));
1180         if (retval)
1181                 return retval;
1182 
1183         for (i = 0; i < addrinarray; i++) {
1184                 if (PageHighMem(pages[i]))
1185                         continue;
1186                 start = page_to_pfn(pages[i]) << PAGE_SHIFT;
1187                 end = start + PAGE_SIZE;
1188                 free_memtype(start, end);
1189         }
1190 
1191         return 0;
1192 }
1193 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_array_wb);
1194 
1195 int set_pages_x(struct page *page, int numpages)
1196 {
1197         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
1198 
1199         return set_memory_x(addr, numpages);
1200 }
1201 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_x);
1202 
1203 int set_pages_nx(struct page *page, int numpages)
1204 {
1205         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
1206 
1207         return set_memory_nx(addr, numpages);
1208 }
1209 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_pages_nx);
1210 
1211 int set_pages_ro(struct page *page, int numpages)
1212 {
1213         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
1214 
1215         return set_memory_ro(addr, numpages);
1216 }
1217 
1218 int set_pages_rw(struct page *page, int numpages)
1219 {
1220         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
1221 
1222         return set_memory_rw(addr, numpages);
1223 }
1224 
1225 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1226 
1227 static int __set_pages_p(struct page *page, int numpages)
1228 {
1229         unsigned long tempaddr = (unsigned long) page_address(page);
1230         struct cpa_data cpa = { .vaddr = &tempaddr,
1231                                 .numpages = numpages,
1232                                 .mask_set = __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW),
1233                                 .mask_clr = __pgprot(0),
1234                                 .flags = 0};
1235 
1236         /*
1237          * No alias checking needed for setting present flag. otherwise,
1238          * we may need to break large pages for 64-bit kernel text
1239          * mappings (this adds to complexity if we want to do this from
1240          * atomic context especially). Let's keep it simple!
1241          */
1242         return __change_page_attr_set_clr(&cpa, 0);
1243 }
1244 
1245 static int __set_pages_np(struct page *page, int numpages)
1246 {
1247         unsigned long tempaddr = (unsigned long) page_address(page);
1248         struct cpa_data cpa = { .vaddr = &tempaddr,
1249                                 .numpages = numpages,
1250                                 .mask_set = __pgprot(0),
1251                                 .mask_clr = __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW),
1252                                 .flags = 0};
1253 
1254         /*
1255          * No alias checking needed for setting not present flag. otherwise,
1256          * we may need to break large pages for 64-bit kernel text
1257          * mappings (this adds to complexity if we want to do this from
1258          * atomic context especially). Let's keep it simple!
1259          */
1260         return __change_page_attr_set_clr(&cpa, 0);
1261 }
1262 
1263 void kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable)
1264 {
1265         if (PageHighMem(page))
1266                 return;
1267         if (!enable) {
1268                 debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),
1269                                            numpages * PAGE_SIZE);
1270         }
1271 
1272         /*
1273          * If page allocator is not up yet then do not call c_p_a():
1274          */
1275         if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled)
1276                 return;
1277 
1278         /*
1279          * The return value is ignored as the calls cannot fail.
1280          * Large pages for identity mappings are not used at boot time
1281          * and hence no memory allocations during large page split.
1282          */
1283         if (enable)
1284                 __set_pages_p(page, numpages);
1285         else
1286                 __set_pages_np(page, numpages);
1287 
1288         /*
1289          * We should perform an IPI and flush all tlbs,
1290          * but that can deadlock->flush only current cpu:
1291          */
1292         __flush_tlb_all();
1293 }
1294 
1295 #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
1296 
1297 bool kernel_page_present(struct page *page)
1298 {
1299         unsigned int level;
1300         pte_t *pte;
1301 
1302         if (PageHighMem(page))
1303                 return false;
1304 
1305         pte = lookup_address((unsigned long)page_address(page), &level);
1306         return (pte_val(*pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT);
1307 }
1308 
1309 #endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
1310 
1311 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC */
1312 
1313 /*
1314  * The testcases use internal knowledge of the implementation that shouldn't
1315  * be exposed to the rest of the kernel. Include these directly here.
1316  */
1317 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
1318 #include "pageattr-test.c"
1319 #endif
1320 
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