Linux kernel & device driver programming

Cross-Referenced Linux and Device Driver Code

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Version: [ 2.6.11.8 ] [ 2.6.25 ] [ 2.6.25.8 ] [ 2.6.31.13 ] Architecture: [ i386 ]
  1 /*
  2  *  linux/arch/i386/mm/init.c
  3  *
  4  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
  5  *
  6  *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
  7  */
  8 
  9 #include <linux/module.h>
 10 #include <linux/signal.h>
 11 #include <linux/sched.h>
 12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 13 #include <linux/errno.h>
 14 #include <linux/string.h>
 15 #include <linux/types.h>
 16 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
 17 #include <linux/mman.h>
 18 #include <linux/mm.h>
 19 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
 20 #include <linux/swap.h>
 21 #include <linux/smp.h>
 22 #include <linux/init.h>
 23 #include <linux/highmem.h>
 24 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
 25 #include <linux/pfn.h>
 26 #include <linux/poison.h>
 27 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
 28 #include <linux/slab.h>
 29 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 30 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
 31 #include <linux/initrd.h>
 32 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 33 
 34 #include <asm/asm.h>
 35 #include <asm/processor.h>
 36 #include <asm/system.h>
 37 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 38 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 39 #include <asm/dma.h>
 40 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
 41 #include <asm/e820.h>
 42 #include <asm/apic.h>
 43 #include <asm/bugs.h>
 44 #include <asm/tlb.h>
 45 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 46 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 47 #include <asm/sections.h>
 48 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
 49 #include <asm/setup.h>
 50 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
 51 
 52 unsigned int __VMALLOC_RESERVE = 128 << 20;
 53 
 54 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
 55 unsigned long highstart_pfn, highend_pfn;
 56 
 57 static noinline int do_test_wp_bit(void);
 58 
 59 /*
 60  * Creates a middle page table and puts a pointer to it in the
 61  * given global directory entry. This only returns the gd entry
 62  * in non-PAE compilation mode, since the middle layer is folded.
 63  */
 64 static pmd_t * __init one_md_table_init(pgd_t *pgd)
 65 {
 66         pud_t *pud;
 67         pmd_t *pmd_table;
 68 
 69 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
 70         if (!(pgd_val(*pgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
 71                 pmd_table = (pmd_t *) alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
 72 
 73                 paravirt_alloc_pd(&init_mm, __pa(pmd_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 74                 set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(__pa(pmd_table) | _PAGE_PRESENT));
 75                 pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
 76                 BUG_ON(pmd_table != pmd_offset(pud, 0));
 77         }
 78 #endif
 79         pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
 80         pmd_table = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
 81 
 82         return pmd_table;
 83 }
 84 
 85 /*
 86  * Create a page table and place a pointer to it in a middle page
 87  * directory entry:
 88  */
 89 static pte_t * __init one_page_table_init(pmd_t *pmd)
 90 {
 91         if (!(pmd_val(*pmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
 92                 pte_t *page_table = NULL;
 93 
 94 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
 95                 page_table = (pte_t *) alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
 96 #endif
 97                 if (!page_table) {
 98                         page_table =
 99                                 (pte_t *)alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
100                 }
101 
102                 paravirt_alloc_pt(&init_mm, __pa(page_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
103                 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(page_table) | _PAGE_TABLE));
104                 BUG_ON(page_table != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0));
105         }
106 
107         return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0);
108 }
109 
110 /*
111  * This function initializes a certain range of kernel virtual memory
112  * with new bootmem page tables, everywhere page tables are missing in
113  * the given range.
114  *
115  * NOTE: The pagetables are allocated contiguous on the physical space
116  * so we can cache the place of the first one and move around without
117  * checking the pgd every time.
118  */
119 static void __init
120 page_table_range_init(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, pgd_t *pgd_base)
121 {
122         int pgd_idx, pmd_idx;
123         unsigned long vaddr;
124         pgd_t *pgd;
125         pmd_t *pmd;
126 
127         vaddr = start;
128         pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
129         pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
130         pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
131 
132         for ( ; (pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD) && (vaddr != end); pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
133                 pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
134                 pmd = pmd + pmd_index(vaddr);
135                 for (; (pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD) && (vaddr != end);
136                                                         pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
137                         one_page_table_init(pmd);
138 
139                         vaddr += PMD_SIZE;
140                 }
141                 pmd_idx = 0;
142         }
143 }
144 
145 static inline int is_kernel_text(unsigned long addr)
146 {
147         if (addr >= PAGE_OFFSET && addr <= (unsigned long)__init_end)
148                 return 1;
149         return 0;
150 }
151 
152 /*
153  * This maps the physical memory to kernel virtual address space, a total
154  * of max_low_pfn pages, by creating page tables starting from address
155  * PAGE_OFFSET:
156  */
157 static void __init kernel_physical_mapping_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
158 {
159         int pgd_idx, pmd_idx, pte_ofs;
160         unsigned long pfn;
161         pgd_t *pgd;
162         pmd_t *pmd;
163         pte_t *pte;
164 
165         pgd_idx = pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
166         pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
167         pfn = 0;
168 
169         for (; pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD; pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
170                 pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
171                 if (pfn >= max_low_pfn)
172                         continue;
173 
174                 for (pmd_idx = 0;
175                      pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD && pfn < max_low_pfn;
176                      pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
177                         unsigned int addr = pfn * PAGE_SIZE + PAGE_OFFSET;
178 
179                         /*
180                          * Map with big pages if possible, otherwise
181                          * create normal page tables:
182                          */
183                         if (cpu_has_pse) {
184                                 unsigned int addr2;
185                                 pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE;
186 
187                                 addr2 = (pfn + PTRS_PER_PTE-1) * PAGE_SIZE +
188                                         PAGE_OFFSET + PAGE_SIZE-1;
189 
190                                 if (is_kernel_text(addr) ||
191                                     is_kernel_text(addr2))
192                                         prot = PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC;
193 
194                                 set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, prot));
195 
196                                 pfn += PTRS_PER_PTE;
197                                 continue;
198                         }
199                         pte = one_page_table_init(pmd);
200 
201                         for (pte_ofs = 0;
202                              pte_ofs < PTRS_PER_PTE && pfn < max_low_pfn;
203                              pte++, pfn++, pte_ofs++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
204                                 pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
205 
206                                 if (is_kernel_text(addr))
207                                         prot = PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
208 
209                                 set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
210                         }
211                 }
212         }
213 }
214 
215 static inline int page_kills_ppro(unsigned long pagenr)
216 {
217         if (pagenr >= 0x70000 && pagenr <= 0x7003F)
218                 return 1;
219         return 0;
220 }
221 
222 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
223 pte_t *kmap_pte;
224 pgprot_t kmap_prot;
225 
226 static inline pte_t *kmap_get_fixmap_pte(unsigned long vaddr)
227 {
228         return pte_offset_kernel(pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset_k(vaddr),
229                         vaddr), vaddr), vaddr);
230 }
231 
232 static void __init kmap_init(void)
233 {
234         unsigned long kmap_vstart;
235 
236         /*
237          * Cache the first kmap pte:
238          */
239         kmap_vstart = __fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN);
240         kmap_pte = kmap_get_fixmap_pte(kmap_vstart);
241 
242         kmap_prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
243 }
244 
245 static void __init permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
246 {
247         unsigned long vaddr;
248         pgd_t *pgd;
249         pud_t *pud;
250         pmd_t *pmd;
251         pte_t *pte;
252 
253         vaddr = PKMAP_BASE;
254         page_table_range_init(vaddr, vaddr + PAGE_SIZE*LAST_PKMAP, pgd_base);
255 
256         pgd = swapper_pg_dir + pgd_index(vaddr);
257         pud = pud_offset(pgd, vaddr);
258         pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
259         pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
260         pkmap_page_table = pte;
261 }
262 
263 static void __meminit free_new_highpage(struct page *page)
264 {
265         init_page_count(page);
266         __free_page(page);
267         totalhigh_pages++;
268 }
269 
270 void __init add_one_highpage_init(struct page *page, int pfn, int bad_ppro)
271 {
272         if (page_is_ram(pfn) && !(bad_ppro && page_kills_ppro(pfn))) {
273                 ClearPageReserved(page);
274                 free_new_highpage(page);
275         } else
276                 SetPageReserved(page);
277 }
278 
279 static int __meminit
280 add_one_highpage_hotplug(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
281 {
282         free_new_highpage(page);
283         totalram_pages++;
284 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
285         max_mapnr = max(pfn, max_mapnr);
286 #endif
287         num_physpages++;
288 
289         return 0;
290 }
291 
292 /*
293  * Not currently handling the NUMA case.
294  * Assuming single node and all memory that
295  * has been added dynamically that would be
296  * onlined here is in HIGHMEM.
297  */
298 void __meminit online_page(struct page *page)
299 {
300         ClearPageReserved(page);
301         add_one_highpage_hotplug(page, page_to_pfn(page));
302 }
303 
304 #ifndef CONFIG_NUMA
305 static void __init set_highmem_pages_init(int bad_ppro)
306 {
307         int pfn;
308 
309         for (pfn = highstart_pfn; pfn < highend_pfn; pfn++) {
310                 /*
311                  * Holes under sparsemem might not have no mem_map[]:
312                  */
313                 if (pfn_valid(pfn))
314                         add_one_highpage_init(pfn_to_page(pfn), pfn, bad_ppro);
315         }
316         totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
317 }
318 #endif /* !CONFIG_NUMA */
319 
320 #else
321 # define kmap_init()                            do { } while (0)
322 # define permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_base)         do { } while (0)
323 # define set_highmem_pages_init(bad_ppro)       do { } while (0)
324 #endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
325 
326 pteval_t __PAGE_KERNEL = _PAGE_KERNEL;
327 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__PAGE_KERNEL);
328 
329 pteval_t __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC = _PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
330 
331 void __init native_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_t *base)
332 {
333         unsigned long pfn, va;
334         pgd_t *pgd;
335         pud_t *pud;
336         pmd_t *pmd;
337         pte_t *pte;
338 
339         /*
340          * Remove any mappings which extend past the end of physical
341          * memory from the boot time page table:
342          */
343         for (pfn = max_low_pfn + 1; pfn < 1<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT); pfn++) {
344                 va = PAGE_OFFSET + (pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
345                 pgd = base + pgd_index(va);
346                 if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
347                         break;
348 
349                 pud = pud_offset(pgd, va);
350                 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, va);
351                 if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
352                         break;
353 
354                 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, va);
355                 if (!pte_present(*pte))
356                         break;
357 
358                 pte_clear(NULL, va, pte);
359         }
360         paravirt_alloc_pd(&init_mm, __pa(base) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
361 }
362 
363 void __init native_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_t *base)
364 {
365 }
366 
367 /*
368  * Build a proper pagetable for the kernel mappings.  Up until this
369  * point, we've been running on some set of pagetables constructed by
370  * the boot process.
371  *
372  * If we're booting on native hardware, this will be a pagetable
373  * constructed in arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S.  The root of the
374  * pagetable will be swapper_pg_dir.
375  *
376  * If we're booting paravirtualized under a hypervisor, then there are
377  * more options: we may already be running PAE, and the pagetable may
378  * or may not be based in swapper_pg_dir.  In any case,
379  * paravirt_pagetable_setup_start() will set up swapper_pg_dir
380  * appropriately for the rest of the initialization to work.
381  *
382  * In general, pagetable_init() assumes that the pagetable may already
383  * be partially populated, and so it avoids stomping on any existing
384  * mappings.
385  */
386 static void __init pagetable_init(void)
387 {
388         pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
389         unsigned long vaddr, end;
390 
391         paravirt_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_base);
392 
393         /* Enable PSE if available */
394         if (cpu_has_pse)
395                 set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PSE);
396 
397         /* Enable PGE if available */
398         if (cpu_has_pge) {
399                 set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PGE);
400                 __PAGE_KERNEL |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
401                 __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
402         }
403 
404         kernel_physical_mapping_init(pgd_base);
405         remap_numa_kva();
406 
407         /*
408          * Fixed mappings, only the page table structure has to be
409          * created - mappings will be set by set_fixmap():
410          */
411         early_ioremap_clear();
412         vaddr = __fix_to_virt(__end_of_fixed_addresses - 1) & PMD_MASK;
413         end = (FIXADDR_TOP + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
414         page_table_range_init(vaddr, end, pgd_base);
415         early_ioremap_reset();
416 
417         permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_base);
418 
419         paravirt_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_base);
420 }
421 
422 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP
423 /*
424  * ACPI suspend needs this for resume, because things like the intel-agp
425  * driver might have split up a kernel 4MB mapping.
426  */
427 char swsusp_pg_dir[PAGE_SIZE]
428         __attribute__ ((aligned(PAGE_SIZE)));
429 
430 static inline void save_pg_dir(void)
431 {
432         memcpy(swsusp_pg_dir, swapper_pg_dir, PAGE_SIZE);
433 }
434 #else /* !CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP */
435 static inline void save_pg_dir(void)
436 {
437 }
438 #endif /* !CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP */
439 
440 void zap_low_mappings(void)
441 {
442         int i;
443 
444         save_pg_dir();
445 
446         /*
447          * Zap initial low-memory mappings.
448          *
449          * Note that "pgd_clear()" doesn't do it for
450          * us, because pgd_clear() is a no-op on i386.
451          */
452         for (i = 0; i < USER_PTRS_PER_PGD; i++) {
453 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
454                 set_pgd(swapper_pg_dir+i, __pgd(1 + __pa(empty_zero_page)));
455 #else
456                 set_pgd(swapper_pg_dir+i, __pgd(0));
457 #endif
458         }
459         flush_tlb_all();
460 }
461 
462 int nx_enabled;
463 
464 pteval_t __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly = ~_PAGE_NX;
465 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__supported_pte_mask);
466 
467 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
468 
469 static int disable_nx __initdata;
470 
471 /*
472  * noexec = on|off
473  *
474  * Control non executable mappings.
475  *
476  * on      Enable
477  * off     Disable
478  */
479 static int __init noexec_setup(char *str)
480 {
481         if (!str || !strcmp(str, "on")) {
482                 if (cpu_has_nx) {
483                         __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
484                         disable_nx = 0;
485                 }
486         } else {
487                 if (!strcmp(str, "off")) {
488                         disable_nx = 1;
489                         __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_NX;
490                 } else {
491                         return -EINVAL;
492                 }
493         }
494 
495         return 0;
496 }
497 early_param("noexec", noexec_setup);
498 
499 static void __init set_nx(void)
500 {
501         unsigned int v[4], l, h;
502 
503         if (cpu_has_pae && (cpuid_eax(0x80000000) > 0x80000001)) {
504                 cpuid(0x80000001, &v[0], &v[1], &v[2], &v[3]);
505 
506                 if ((v[3] & (1 << 20)) && !disable_nx) {
507                         rdmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
508                         l |= EFER_NX;
509                         wrmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
510                         nx_enabled = 1;
511                         __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
512                 }
513         }
514 }
515 #endif
516 
517 /*
518  * paging_init() sets up the page tables - note that the first 8MB are
519  * already mapped by head.S.
520  *
521  * This routines also unmaps the page at virtual kernel address 0, so
522  * that we can trap those pesky NULL-reference errors in the kernel.
523  */
524 void __init paging_init(void)
525 {
526 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
527         set_nx();
528         if (nx_enabled)
529                 printk(KERN_INFO "NX (Execute Disable) protection: active\n");
530 #endif
531         pagetable_init();
532 
533         load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
534 
535         __flush_tlb_all();
536 
537         kmap_init();
538 }
539 
540 /*
541  * Test if the WP bit works in supervisor mode. It isn't supported on 386's
542  * and also on some strange 486's (NexGen etc.). All 586+'s are OK. This
543  * used to involve black magic jumps to work around some nasty CPU bugs,
544  * but fortunately the switch to using exceptions got rid of all that.
545  */
546 static void __init test_wp_bit(void)
547 {
548         printk(KERN_INFO
549   "Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...");
550 
551         /* Any page-aligned address will do, the test is non-destructive */
552         __set_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST, __pa(&swapper_pg_dir), PAGE_READONLY);
553         boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok = do_test_wp_bit();
554         clear_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST);
555 
556         if (!boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok) {
557                 printk(KERN_CONT "No.\n");
558 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_WP_WORKS_OK
559                 panic(
560   "This kernel doesn't support CPU's with broken WP. Recompile it for a 386!");
561 #endif
562         } else {
563                 printk(KERN_CONT "Ok.\n");
564         }
565 }
566 
567 static struct kcore_list kcore_mem, kcore_vmalloc;
568 
569 void __init mem_init(void)
570 {
571         int codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
572         int tmp, bad_ppro;
573 
574 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
575         BUG_ON(!mem_map);
576 #endif
577         bad_ppro = ppro_with_ram_bug();
578 
579 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
580         /* check that fixmap and pkmap do not overlap */
581         if (PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE >= FIXADDR_START) {
582                 printk(KERN_ERR
583                         "fixmap and kmap areas overlap - this will crash\n");
584                 printk(KERN_ERR "pkstart: %lxh pkend: %lxh fixstart %lxh\n",
585                                 PKMAP_BASE, PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE,
586                                 FIXADDR_START);
587                 BUG();
588         }
589 #endif
590         /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
591         totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
592 
593         reservedpages = 0;
594         for (tmp = 0; tmp < max_low_pfn; tmp++)
595                 /*
596                  * Only count reserved RAM pages:
597                  */
598                 if (page_is_ram(tmp) && PageReserved(pfn_to_page(tmp)))
599                         reservedpages++;
600 
601         set_highmem_pages_init(bad_ppro);
602 
603         codesize =  (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
604         datasize =  (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
605         initsize =  (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
606 
607         kclist_add(&kcore_mem, __va(0), max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
608         kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc, (void *)VMALLOC_START,
609                    VMALLOC_END-VMALLOC_START);
610 
611         printk(KERN_INFO "Memory: %luk/%luk available (%dk kernel code, "
612                         "%dk reserved, %dk data, %dk init, %ldk highmem)\n",
613                 (unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
614                 num_physpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
615                 codesize >> 10,
616                 reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
617                 datasize >> 10,
618                 initsize >> 10,
619                 (unsigned long) (totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
620                );
621 
622 #if 1 /* double-sanity-check paranoia */
623         printk(KERN_INFO "virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
624                 "    fixmap  : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
625 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
626                 "    pkmap   : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
627 #endif
628                 "    vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld MB)\n"
629                 "    lowmem  : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld MB)\n"
630                 "      .init : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
631                 "      .data : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n"
632                 "      .text : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n",
633                 FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP,
634                 (FIXADDR_TOP - FIXADDR_START) >> 10,
635 
636 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
637                 PKMAP_BASE, PKMAP_BASE+LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE,
638                 (LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE) >> 10,
639 #endif
640 
641                 VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
642                 (VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START) >> 20,
643 
644                 (unsigned long)__va(0), (unsigned long)high_memory,
645                 ((unsigned long)high_memory - (unsigned long)__va(0)) >> 20,
646 
647                 (unsigned long)&__init_begin, (unsigned long)&__init_end,
648                 ((unsigned long)&__init_end -
649                  (unsigned long)&__init_begin) >> 10,
650 
651                 (unsigned long)&_etext, (unsigned long)&_edata,
652                 ((unsigned long)&_edata - (unsigned long)&_etext) >> 10,
653 
654                 (unsigned long)&_text, (unsigned long)&_etext,
655                 ((unsigned long)&_etext - (unsigned long)&_text) >> 10);
656 
657 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
658         BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE        > FIXADDR_START);
659         BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END                              > PKMAP_BASE);
660 #endif
661         BUG_ON(VMALLOC_START                            > VMALLOC_END);
662         BUG_ON((unsigned long)high_memory               > VMALLOC_START);
663 #endif /* double-sanity-check paranoia */
664 
665         if (boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok < 0)
666                 test_wp_bit();
667 
668         cpa_init();
669 
670         /*
671          * Subtle. SMP is doing it's boot stuff late (because it has to
672          * fork idle threads) - but it also needs low mappings for the
673          * protected-mode entry to work. We zap these entries only after
674          * the WP-bit has been tested.
675          */
676 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
677         zap_low_mappings();
678 #endif
679 }
680 
681 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
682 int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
683 {
684         struct pglist_data *pgdata = NODE_DATA(nid);
685         struct zone *zone = pgdata->node_zones + ZONE_HIGHMEM;
686         unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
687         unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
688 
689         return __add_pages(zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
690 }
691 #endif
692 
693 /*
694  * This function cannot be __init, since exceptions don't work in that
695  * section.  Put this after the callers, so that it cannot be inlined.
696  */
697 static noinline int do_test_wp_bit(void)
698 {
699         char tmp_reg;
700         int flag;
701 
702         __asm__ __volatile__(
703                 "       movb %0, %1     \n"
704                 "1:     movb %1, %0     \n"
705                 "       xorl %2, %2     \n"
706                 "2:                     \n"
707                 _ASM_EXTABLE(1b,2b)
708                 :"=m" (*(char *)fix_to_virt(FIX_WP_TEST)),
709                  "=q" (tmp_reg),
710                  "=r" (flag)
711                 :"2" (1)
712                 :"memory");
713 
714         return flag;
715 }
716 
717 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
718 const int rodata_test_data = 0xC3;
719 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data);
720 
721 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
722 {
723         unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
724         unsigned long size = PFN_ALIGN(_etext) - start;
725 
726 #ifndef CONFIG_KPROBES
727 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
728         /* It must still be possible to apply SMP alternatives. */
729         if (num_possible_cpus() <= 1)
730 #endif
731         {
732                 set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
733                 printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel text: %luk\n",
734                         size >> 10);
735 
736 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
737                 printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: Reverting %lx-%lx\n",
738                         start, start+size);
739                 set_pages_rw(virt_to_page(start), size>>PAGE_SHIFT);
740 
741                 printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: write protecting again\n");
742                 set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size>>PAGE_SHIFT);
743 #endif
744         }
745 #endif
746         start += size;
747         size = (unsigned long)__end_rodata - start;
748         set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
749         printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
750                 size >> 10);
751         rodata_test();
752 
753 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
754         printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start, start + size);
755         set_pages_rw(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
756 
757         printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: write protecting again\n");
758         set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
759 #endif
760 }
761 #endif
762 
763 void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
764 {
765 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
766         /*
767          * If debugging page accesses then do not free this memory but
768          * mark them not present - any buggy init-section access will
769          * create a kernel page fault:
770          */
771         printk(KERN_INFO "debug: unmapping init memory %08lx..%08lx\n",
772                 begin, PAGE_ALIGN(end));
773         set_memory_np(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
774 #else
775         unsigned long addr;
776 
777         /*
778          * We just marked the kernel text read only above, now that
779          * we are going to free part of that, we need to make that
780          * writeable first.
781          */
782         set_memory_rw(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
783 
784         for (addr = begin; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
785                 ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
786                 init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
787                 memset((void *)addr, POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
788                 free_page(addr);
789                 totalram_pages++;
790         }
791         printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
792 #endif
793 }
794 
795 void free_initmem(void)
796 {
797         free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
798                         (unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
799                         (unsigned long)(&__init_end));
800 }
801 
802 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
803 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
804 {
805         free_init_pages("initrd memory", start, end);
806 }
807 #endif
808 
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