Linux kernel & device driver programming

Cross-Referenced Linux and Device Driver Code

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Version: [ 2.6.11.8 ] [ 2.6.25 ] [ 2.6.25.8 ] [ 2.6.31.13 ] Architecture: [ i386 ]
  1 #include <linux/sched.h>
  2 #include <linux/clocksource.h>
  3 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
  4 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
  5 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
  6 #include <linux/init.h>
  7 #include <linux/dmi.h>
  8 #include <linux/percpu.h>
  9 
 10 #include <asm/delay.h>
 11 #include <asm/tsc.h>
 12 #include <asm/io.h>
 13 #include <asm/timer.h>
 14 
 15 #include "mach_timer.h"
 16 
 17 static int tsc_enabled;
 18 
 19 /*
 20  * On some systems the TSC frequency does not
 21  * change with the cpu frequency. So we need
 22  * an extra value to store the TSC freq
 23  */
 24 unsigned int tsc_khz;
 25 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tsc_khz);
 26 
 27 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
 28 static int __init tsc_setup(char *str)
 29 {
 30         printk(KERN_WARNING "notsc: Kernel compiled with CONFIG_X86_TSC, "
 31                                 "cannot disable TSC completely.\n");
 32         mark_tsc_unstable("user disabled TSC");
 33         return 1;
 34 }
 35 #else
 36 /*
 37  * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
 38  * in cpu/common.c
 39  */
 40 static int __init tsc_setup(char *str)
 41 {
 42         setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
 43         return 1;
 44 }
 45 #endif
 46 
 47 __setup("notsc", tsc_setup);
 48 
 49 /*
 50  * code to mark and check if the TSC is unstable
 51  * due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
 52  */
 53 static int tsc_unstable;
 54 
 55 int check_tsc_unstable(void)
 56 {
 57         return tsc_unstable;
 58 }
 59 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
 60 
 61 /* Accelerators for sched_clock()
 62  * convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
 63  *  basic equation:
 64  *              ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
 65  *              ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
 66  *              ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
 67  *              ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
 68  *
 69  *      Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
 70  *              ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
 71  *              ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
 72  *
 73  *      And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
 74  *  into a shift.
 75  *
 76  *  We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision, since
 77  *  cyc2ns_scale is limited to 10^6 * 2^10, which fits in 32 bits.
 78  *  (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
 79  *
 80  *                      -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
 81  */
 82 
 83 DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cyc2ns);
 84 
 85 static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long cpu_khz, int cpu)
 86 {
 87         unsigned long flags, prev_scale, *scale;
 88         unsigned long long tsc_now, ns_now;
 89 
 90         local_irq_save(flags);
 91         sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();
 92 
 93         scale = &per_cpu(cyc2ns, cpu);
 94 
 95         rdtscll(tsc_now);
 96         ns_now = __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
 97 
 98         prev_scale = *scale;
 99         if (cpu_khz)
100                 *scale = (NSEC_PER_MSEC << CYC2NS_SCALE_FACTOR)/cpu_khz;
101 
102         /*
103          * Start smoothly with the new frequency:
104          */
105         sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event(0);
106         local_irq_restore(flags);
107 }
108 
109 /*
110  * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
111  */
112 unsigned long long native_sched_clock(void)
113 {
114         unsigned long long this_offset;
115 
116         /*
117          * Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
118          * ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
119          *   unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
120          *   the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
121          *   very important for it to be as fast as the platform
122          *   can achive it. )
123          */
124         if (unlikely(!tsc_enabled && !tsc_unstable))
125                 /* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
126                 return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
127 
128         /* read the Time Stamp Counter: */
129         rdtscll(this_offset);
130 
131         /* return the value in ns */
132         return cycles_2_ns(this_offset);
133 }
134 
135 /* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
136    weak default version */
137 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
138 unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
139 {
140         return paravirt_sched_clock();
141 }
142 #else
143 unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
144         __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
145 #endif
146 
147 unsigned long native_calculate_cpu_khz(void)
148 {
149         unsigned long long start, end;
150         unsigned long count;
151         u64 delta64 = (u64)ULLONG_MAX;
152         int i;
153         unsigned long flags;
154 
155         local_irq_save(flags);
156 
157         /* run 3 times to ensure the cache is warm and to get an accurate reading */
158         for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
159                 mach_prepare_counter();
160                 rdtscll(start);
161                 mach_countup(&count);
162                 rdtscll(end);
163 
164                 /*
165                  * Error: ECTCNEVERSET
166                  * The CTC wasn't reliable: we got a hit on the very first read,
167                  * or the CPU was so fast/slow that the quotient wouldn't fit in
168                  * 32 bits..
169                  */
170                 if (count <= 1)
171                         continue;
172 
173                 /* cpu freq too slow: */
174                 if ((end - start) <= CALIBRATE_TIME_MSEC)
175                         continue;
176 
177                 /*
178                  * We want the minimum time of all runs in case one of them
179                  * is inaccurate due to SMI or other delay
180                  */
181                 delta64 = min(delta64, (end - start));
182         }
183 
184         /* cpu freq too fast (or every run was bad): */
185         if (delta64 > (1ULL<<32))
186                 goto err;
187 
188         delta64 += CALIBRATE_TIME_MSEC/2; /* round for do_div */
189         do_div(delta64,CALIBRATE_TIME_MSEC);
190 
191         local_irq_restore(flags);
192         return (unsigned long)delta64;
193 err:
194         local_irq_restore(flags);
195         return 0;
196 }
197 
198 int recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
199 {
200 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
201         unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;
202 
203         if (cpu_has_tsc) {
204                 cpu_khz = calculate_cpu_khz();
205                 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
206                 cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy =
207                         cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
208                                         cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
209                 return 0;
210         } else
211                 return -ENODEV;
212 #else
213         return -ENODEV;
214 #endif
215 }
216 
217 EXPORT_SYMBOL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);
218 
219 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ
220 
221 /*
222  * if the CPU frequency is scaled, TSC-based delays will need a different
223  * loops_per_jiffy value to function properly.
224  */
225 static unsigned int ref_freq = 0;
226 static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref = 0;
227 static unsigned long cpu_khz_ref = 0;
228 
229 static int
230 time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val, void *data)
231 {
232         struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
233 
234         if (!ref_freq) {
235                 if (!freq->old){
236                         ref_freq = freq->new;
237                         return 0;
238                 }
239                 ref_freq = freq->old;
240                 loops_per_jiffy_ref = cpu_data(freq->cpu).loops_per_jiffy;
241                 cpu_khz_ref = cpu_khz;
242         }
243 
244         if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE  && freq->old < freq->new) ||
245             (val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new) ||
246             (val == CPUFREQ_RESUMECHANGE)) {
247                 if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
248                         cpu_data(freq->cpu).loops_per_jiffy =
249                                 cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref,
250                                                 ref_freq, freq->new);
251 
252                 if (cpu_khz) {
253 
254                         if (num_online_cpus() == 1)
255                                 cpu_khz = cpufreq_scale(cpu_khz_ref,
256                                                 ref_freq, freq->new);
257                         if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS)) {
258                                 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
259                                 set_cyc2ns_scale(cpu_khz, freq->cpu);
260                                 /*
261                                  * TSC based sched_clock turns
262                                  * to junk w/ cpufreq
263                                  */
264                                 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
265                         }
266                 }
267         }
268 
269         return 0;
270 }
271 
272 static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
273         .notifier_call  = time_cpufreq_notifier
274 };
275 
276 static int __init cpufreq_tsc(void)
277 {
278         return cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
279                                          CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
280 }
281 core_initcall(cpufreq_tsc);
282 
283 #endif
284 
285 /* clock source code */
286 
287 static unsigned long current_tsc_khz = 0;
288 
289 static cycle_t read_tsc(void)
290 {
291         cycle_t ret;
292 
293         rdtscll(ret);
294 
295         return ret;
296 }
297 
298 static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
299         .name                   = "tsc",
300         .rating                 = 300,
301         .read                   = read_tsc,
302         .mask                   = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
303         .mult                   = 0, /* to be set */
304         .shift                  = 22,
305         .flags                  = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
306                                   CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
307 };
308 
309 void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
310 {
311         if (!tsc_unstable) {
312                 tsc_unstable = 1;
313                 tsc_enabled = 0;
314                 printk("Marking TSC unstable due to: %s.\n", reason);
315                 /* Can be called before registration */
316                 if (clocksource_tsc.mult)
317                         clocksource_change_rating(&clocksource_tsc, 0);
318                 else
319                         clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
320         }
321 }
322 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);
323 
324 static int __init dmi_mark_tsc_unstable(const struct dmi_system_id *d)
325 {
326         printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s detected: marking TSC unstable.\n",
327                        d->ident);
328         tsc_unstable = 1;
329         return 0;
330 }
331 
332 /* List of systems that have known TSC problems */
333 static struct dmi_system_id __initdata bad_tsc_dmi_table[] = {
334         {
335          .callback = dmi_mark_tsc_unstable,
336          .ident = "IBM Thinkpad 380XD",
337          .matches = {
338                      DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_VENDOR, "IBM"),
339                      DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_NAME, "2635FA0"),
340                      },
341          },
342          {}
343 };
344 
345 /*
346  * Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
347  * over all CPUs.
348  */
349 __cpuinit int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
350 {
351         if (!cpu_has_tsc || tsc_unstable)
352                 return 1;
353 
354         /* Anything with constant TSC should be synchronized */
355         if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
356                 return 0;
357 
358         /*
359          * Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
360          * Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
361          */
362         if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
363                 /* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
364                 if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
365                         tsc_unstable = 1;
366         }
367         return tsc_unstable;
368 }
369 
370 /*
371  * Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a possibly a very reliable TSC
372  */
373 #ifdef CONFIG_MGEODE_LX
374 /* RTSC counts during suspend */
375 #define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
376 
377 static void __init check_geode_tsc_reliable(void)
378 {
379         unsigned long res_low, res_high;
380 
381         rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
382         if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
383                 clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
384 }
385 #else
386 static inline void check_geode_tsc_reliable(void) { }
387 #endif
388 
389 
390 void __init tsc_init(void)
391 {
392         int cpu;
393 
394         if (!cpu_has_tsc)
395                 goto out_no_tsc;
396 
397         cpu_khz = calculate_cpu_khz();
398         tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
399 
400         if (!cpu_khz)
401                 goto out_no_tsc;
402 
403         printk("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor.\n",
404                                 (unsigned long)cpu_khz / 1000,
405                                 (unsigned long)cpu_khz % 1000);
406 
407         /*
408          * Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
409          * all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
410          * speed as the bootup CPU. (cpufreq notifiers will fix this
411          * up if their speed diverges)
412          */
413         for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
414                 set_cyc2ns_scale(cpu_khz, cpu);
415 
416         use_tsc_delay();
417 
418         /* Check and install the TSC clocksource */
419         dmi_check_system(bad_tsc_dmi_table);
420 
421         unsynchronized_tsc();
422         check_geode_tsc_reliable();
423         current_tsc_khz = tsc_khz;
424         clocksource_tsc.mult = clocksource_khz2mult(current_tsc_khz,
425                                                         clocksource_tsc.shift);
426         /* lower the rating if we already know its unstable: */
427         if (check_tsc_unstable()) {
428                 clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
429                 clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS;
430         } else
431                 tsc_enabled = 1;
432 
433         clocksource_register(&clocksource_tsc);
434 
435         return;
436 
437 out_no_tsc:
438         setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
439 }
440 
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