Linux kernel & device driver programming

Cross-Referenced Linux and Device Driver Code

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Version: [ 2.6.11.8 ] [ 2.6.25 ] [ 2.6.25.8 ] [ 2.6.31.13 ] Architecture: [ i386 ]
  1 /*
  2  * USB Skeleton driver - 2.0
  3  *
  4  * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
  5  *
  6  *      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  7  *      modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  8  *      published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
  9  *
 10  * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c 
 11  * but has been rewritten to be easy to read and use, as no locks are now
 12  * needed anymore.
 13  *
 14  */
 15 
 16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 17 #include <linux/errno.h>
 18 #include <linux/init.h>
 19 #include <linux/slab.h>
 20 #include <linux/module.h>
 21 #include <linux/kref.h>
 22 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 23 #include <linux/usb.h>
 24 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 25 
 26 
 27 /* Define these values to match your devices */
 28 #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID      0xfff0
 29 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID     0xfff0
 30 
 31 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
 32 static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
 33         { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
 34         { }                                     /* Terminating entry */
 35 };
 36 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, skel_table);
 37 
 38 
 39 /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
 40 #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE     192
 41 
 42 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
 43 struct usb_skel {
 44         struct usb_device *     udev;                   /* the usb device for this device */
 45         struct usb_interface *  interface;              /* the interface for this device */
 46         unsigned char *         bulk_in_buffer;         /* the buffer to receive data */
 47         size_t                  bulk_in_size;           /* the size of the receive buffer */
 48         __u8                    bulk_in_endpointAddr;   /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
 49         __u8                    bulk_out_endpointAddr;  /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
 50         struct kref             kref;
 51 };
 52 #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
 53 
 54 static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
 55 
 56 static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
 57 {       
 58         struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
 59 
 60         usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
 61         kfree (dev->bulk_in_buffer);
 62         kfree (dev);
 63 }
 64 
 65 static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 66 {
 67         struct usb_skel *dev;
 68         struct usb_interface *interface;
 69         int subminor;
 70         int retval = 0;
 71 
 72         subminor = iminor(inode);
 73 
 74         interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
 75         if (!interface) {
 76                 err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
 77                      __FUNCTION__, subminor);
 78                 retval = -ENODEV;
 79                 goto exit;
 80         }
 81 
 82         dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
 83         if (!dev) {
 84                 retval = -ENODEV;
 85                 goto exit;
 86         }
 87         
 88         /* increment our usage count for the device */
 89         kref_get(&dev->kref);
 90 
 91         /* save our object in the file's private structure */
 92         file->private_data = dev;
 93 
 94 exit:
 95         return retval;
 96 }
 97 
 98 static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 99 {
100         struct usb_skel *dev;
101 
102         dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
103         if (dev == NULL)
104                 return -ENODEV;
105 
106         /* decrement the count on our device */
107         kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
108         return 0;
109 }
110 
111 static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
112 {
113         struct usb_skel *dev;
114         int retval = 0;
115         int actual_size;
116 
117         dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
118         
119         /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
120         retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
121                               usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
122                               dev->bulk_in_buffer,
123                               min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
124                               &actual_size,
125                               HZ*10);
126 
127         /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
128         if (!retval) {
129           if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, actual_size))
130                         retval = -EFAULT;
131                 else
132                         retval = count;
133         }
134 
135         return retval;
136 }
137 
138 static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
139 {
140         /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
141         if (urb->status && 
142             !(urb->status == -ENOENT || 
143               urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
144               urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN)) {
145                 dbg("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
146                     __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
147         }
148 
149         /* free up our allocated buffer */
150         usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length, 
151                         urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
152 }
153 
154 static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
155 {
156         struct usb_skel *dev;
157         int retval = 0;
158         struct urb *urb = NULL;
159         char *buf = NULL;
160 
161         dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
162 
163         /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
164         if (count == 0)
165                 goto exit;
166 
167         /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
168         urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
169         if (!urb) {
170                 retval = -ENOMEM;
171                 goto error;
172         }
173 
174         buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, count, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
175         if (!buf) {
176                 retval = -ENOMEM;
177                 goto error;
178         }
179         if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, count)) {
180                 retval = -EFAULT;
181                 goto error;
182         }
183 
184         /* initialize the urb properly */
185         usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
186                           usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
187                           buf, count, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
188         urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
189 
190         /* send the data out the bulk port */
191         retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
192         if (retval) {
193                 err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
194                 goto error;
195         }
196 
197         /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
198         usb_free_urb(urb);
199 
200 exit:
201         return count;
202 
203 error:
204         usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, count, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
205         usb_free_urb(urb);
206         kfree(buf);
207         return retval;
208 }
209 
210 static struct file_operations skel_fops = {
211         .owner =        THIS_MODULE,
212         .read =         skel_read,
213         .write =        skel_write,
214         .open =         skel_open,
215         .release =      skel_release,
216 };
217 
218 /* 
219  * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
220  * and to have the device registered with devfs and the driver core
221  */
222 static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
223         .name = "usb/skel%d",
224         .fops = &skel_fops,
225         .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
226 };
227 
228 static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
229 {
230         struct usb_skel *dev = NULL;
231         struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
232         struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
233         size_t buffer_size;
234         int i;
235         int retval = -ENOMEM;
236 
237         /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
238         dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct usb_skel), GFP_KERNEL);
239         if (dev == NULL) {
240                 err("Out of memory");
241                 goto error;
242         }
243         memset(dev, 0x00, sizeof (*dev));
244         kref_init(&dev->kref);
245 
246         dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
247         dev->interface = interface;
248 
249         /* set up the endpoint information */
250         /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
251         iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
252         for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
253                 endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
254 
255                 if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
256                     (endpoint->bEndpointAddress & USB_DIR_IN) &&
257                     ((endpoint->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK)
258                                         == USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK)) {
259                         /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
260                         buffer_size = endpoint->wMaxPacketSize;
261                         dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
262                         dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
263                         dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
264                         if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
265                                 err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
266                                 goto error;
267                         }
268                 }
269 
270                 if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
271                     !(endpoint->bEndpointAddress & USB_DIR_IN) &&
272                     ((endpoint->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK)
273                                         == USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK)) {
274                         /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
275                         dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
276                 }
277         }
278         if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
279                 err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
280                 goto error;
281         }
282 
283         /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
284         usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
285 
286         /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
287         retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
288         if (retval) {
289                 /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
290                 err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
291                 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
292                 goto error;
293         }
294 
295         /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
296         info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
297         return 0;
298 
299 error:
300         if (dev)
301                 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
302         return retval;
303 }
304 
305 static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
306 {
307         struct usb_skel *dev;
308         int minor = interface->minor;
309 
310         /* prevent skel_open() from racing skel_disconnect() */
311         lock_kernel();
312 
313         dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
314         usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
315 
316         /* give back our minor */
317         usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
318 
319         unlock_kernel();
320 
321         /* decrement our usage count */
322         kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
323 
324         info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
325 }
326 
327 static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
328         .name = "skeleton",
329         .id_table = skel_table,
330         .probe = skel_probe,
331         .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
332 };
333 
334 static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
335 {
336         int result;
337 
338         /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
339         result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
340         if (result)
341                 err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
342 
343         return result;
344 }
345 
346 static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
347 {
348         /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
349         usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
350 }
351 
352 module_init (usb_skel_init);
353 module_exit (usb_skel_exit);
354 
355 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
356 
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