Linux kernel & device driver programming

Cross-Referenced Linux and Device Driver Code

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Version: [ 2.6.11.8 ] [ 2.6.25 ] [ 2.6.25.8 ] [ 2.6.31.13 ] Architecture: [ i386 ]
  1 /* -*- C -*-
  2  * main.c -- the bare sculld char module
  3  *
  4  * Copyright (C) 2001 Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet
  5  * Copyright (C) 2001 O'Reilly & Associates
  6  *
  7  * The source code in this file can be freely used, adapted,
  8  * and redistributed in source or binary form, so long as an
  9  * acknowledgment appears in derived source files.  The citation
 10  * should list that the code comes from the book "Linux Device
 11  * Drivers" by Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet, published
 12  * by O'Reilly & Associates.   No warranty is attached;
 13  * we cannot take responsibility for errors or fitness for use.
 14  *
 15  * $Id: _main.c.in,v 1.21 2004/10/14 20:11:39 corbet Exp $
 16  */
 17 
 18 #include <linux/config.h>
 19 #include <linux/module.h>
 20 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 21 #include <linux/init.h>
 22 #include <linux/kernel.h>       /* printk() */
 23 #include <linux/slab.h>         /* kmalloc() */
 24 #include <linux/fs.h>           /* everything... */
 25 #include <linux/errno.h>        /* error codes */
 26 #include <linux/types.h>        /* size_t */
 27 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 28 #include <linux/fcntl.h>        /* O_ACCMODE */
 29 #include <linux/aio.h>
 30 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 31 #include "sculld.h"             /* local definitions */
 32 
 33 
 34 int sculld_major =   SCULLD_MAJOR;
 35 int sculld_devs =    SCULLD_DEVS;       /* number of bare sculld devices */
 36 int sculld_qset =    SCULLD_QSET;
 37 int sculld_order =   SCULLD_ORDER;
 38 
 39 module_param(sculld_major, int, 0);
 40 module_param(sculld_devs, int, 0);
 41 module_param(sculld_qset, int, 0);
 42 module_param(sculld_order, int, 0);
 43 MODULE_AUTHOR("Alessandro Rubini");
 44 MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
 45 
 46 struct sculld_dev *sculld_devices; /* allocated in sculld_init */
 47 
 48 int sculld_trim(struct sculld_dev *dev);
 49 void sculld_cleanup(void);
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 /* Device model stuff */
 54 
 55 static struct ldd_driver sculld_driver = {
 56         .version = "$Revision: 1.21 $",
 57         .module = THIS_MODULE,
 58         .driver = {
 59                 .name = "sculld",
 60         },
 61 };
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 #ifdef SCULLD_USE_PROC /* don't waste space if unused */
 66 /*
 67  * The proc filesystem: function to read and entry
 68  */
 69 
 70 void sculld_proc_offset(char *buf, char **start, off_t *offset, int *len)
 71 {
 72         if (*offset == 0)
 73                 return;
 74         if (*offset >= *len) {
 75                 /* Not there yet */
 76                 *offset -= *len;
 77                 *len = 0;
 78         } else {
 79                 /* We're into the interesting stuff now */
 80                 *start = buf + *offset;
 81                 *offset = 0;
 82         }
 83 }
 84 
 85 /* FIXME: Do we need this here??  It be ugly  */
 86 int sculld_read_procmem(char *buf, char **start, off_t offset,
 87                    int count, int *eof, void *data)
 88 {
 89         int i, j, order, qset, len = 0;
 90         int limit = count - 80; /* Don't print more than this */
 91         struct sculld_dev *d;
 92 
 93         *start = buf;
 94         for(i = 0; i < sculld_devs; i++) {
 95                 d = &sculld_devices[i];
 96                 if (down_interruptible (&d->sem))
 97                         return -ERESTARTSYS;
 98                 qset = d->qset;  /* retrieve the features of each device */
 99                 order = d->order;
100                 len += sprintf(buf+len,"\nDevice %i: qset %i, order %i, sz %li\n",
101                                 i, qset, order, (long)(d->size));
102                 for (; d; d = d->next) { /* scan the list */
103                         len += sprintf(buf+len,"  item at %p, qset at %p\n",d,d->data);
104                         sculld_proc_offset (buf, start, &offset, &len);
105                         if (len > limit)
106                                 goto out;
107                         if (d->data && !d->next) /* dump only the last item - save space */
108                                 for (j = 0; j < qset; j++) {
109                                         if (d->data[j])
110                                                 len += sprintf(buf+len,"    % 4i:%8p\n",j,d->data[j]);
111                                         sculld_proc_offset (buf, start, &offset, &len);
112                                         if (len > limit)
113                                                 goto out;
114                                 }
115                 }
116           out:
117                 up (&sculld_devices[i].sem);
118                 if (len > limit)
119                         break;
120         }
121         *eof = 1;
122         return len;
123 }
124 
125 #endif /* SCULLD_USE_PROC */
126 
127 /*
128  * Open and close
129  */
130 
131 int sculld_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
132 {
133         struct sculld_dev *dev; /* device information */
134 
135         /*  Find the device */
136         dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct sculld_dev, cdev);
137 
138         /* now trim to 0 the length of the device if open was write-only */
139         if ( (filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) {
140                 if (down_interruptible (&dev->sem))
141                         return -ERESTARTSYS;
142                 sculld_trim(dev); /* ignore errors */
143                 up (&dev->sem);
144         }
145 
146         /* and use filp->private_data to point to the device data */
147         filp->private_data = dev;
148 
149         return 0;          /* success */
150 }
151 
152 int sculld_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
153 {
154         return 0;
155 }
156 
157 /*
158  * Follow the list 
159  */
160 struct sculld_dev *sculld_follow(struct sculld_dev *dev, int n)
161 {
162         while (n--) {
163                 if (!dev->next) {
164                         dev->next = kmalloc(sizeof(struct sculld_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
165                         memset(dev->next, 0, sizeof(struct sculld_dev));
166                 }
167                 dev = dev->next;
168                 continue;
169         }
170         return dev;
171 }
172 
173 /*
174  * Data management: read and write
175  */
176 
177 ssize_t sculld_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
178                 loff_t *f_pos)
179 {
180         struct sculld_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /* the first listitem */
181         struct sculld_dev *dptr;
182         int quantum = PAGE_SIZE << dev->order;
183         int qset = dev->qset;
184         int itemsize = quantum * qset; /* how many bytes in the listitem */
185         int item, s_pos, q_pos, rest;
186         ssize_t retval = 0;
187 
188         if (down_interruptible (&dev->sem))
189                 return -ERESTARTSYS;
190         if (*f_pos > dev->size) 
191                 goto nothing;
192         if (*f_pos + count > dev->size)
193                 count = dev->size - *f_pos;
194         /* find listitem, qset index, and offset in the quantum */
195         item = ((long) *f_pos) / itemsize;
196         rest = ((long) *f_pos) % itemsize;
197         s_pos = rest / quantum; q_pos = rest % quantum;
198 
199         /* follow the list up to the right position (defined elsewhere) */
200         dptr = sculld_follow(dev, item);
201 
202         if (!dptr->data)
203                 goto nothing; /* don't fill holes */
204         if (!dptr->data[s_pos])
205                 goto nothing;
206         if (count > quantum - q_pos)
207                 count = quantum - q_pos; /* read only up to the end of this quantum */
208 
209         if (copy_to_user (buf, dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos, count)) {
210                 retval = -EFAULT;
211                 goto nothing;
212         }
213         up (&dev->sem);
214 
215         *f_pos += count;
216         return count;
217 
218   nothing:
219         up (&dev->sem);
220         return retval;
221 }
222 
223 
224 
225 ssize_t sculld_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,
226                 loff_t *f_pos)
227 {
228         struct sculld_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
229         struct sculld_dev *dptr;
230         int quantum = PAGE_SIZE << dev->order;
231         int qset = dev->qset;
232         int itemsize = quantum * qset;
233         int item, s_pos, q_pos, rest;
234         ssize_t retval = -ENOMEM; /* our most likely error */
235 
236         if (down_interruptible (&dev->sem))
237                 return -ERESTARTSYS;
238 
239         /* find listitem, qset index and offset in the quantum */
240         item = ((long) *f_pos) / itemsize;
241         rest = ((long) *f_pos) % itemsize;
242         s_pos = rest / quantum; q_pos = rest % quantum;
243 
244         /* follow the list up to the right position */
245         dptr = sculld_follow(dev, item);
246         if (!dptr->data) {
247                 dptr->data = kmalloc(qset * sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);
248                 if (!dptr->data)
249                         goto nomem;
250                 memset(dptr->data, 0, qset * sizeof(char *));
251         }
252         /* Here's the allocation of a single quantum */
253         if (!dptr->data[s_pos]) {
254                 dptr->data[s_pos] =
255                         (void *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL, dptr->order);
256                 if (!dptr->data[s_pos])
257                         goto nomem;
258                 memset(dptr->data[s_pos], 0, PAGE_SIZE << dptr->order);
259         }
260         if (count > quantum - q_pos)
261                 count = quantum - q_pos; /* write only up to the end of this quantum */
262         if (copy_from_user (dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos, buf, count)) {
263                 retval = -EFAULT;
264                 goto nomem;
265         }
266         *f_pos += count;
267  
268         /* update the size */
269         if (dev->size < *f_pos)
270                 dev->size = *f_pos;
271         up (&dev->sem);
272         return count;
273 
274   nomem:
275         up (&dev->sem);
276         return retval;
277 }
278 
279 /*
280  * The ioctl() implementation
281  */
282 
283 int sculld_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp,
284                  unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
285 {
286 
287         int err = 0, ret = 0, tmp;
288 
289         /* don't even decode wrong cmds: better returning  ENOTTY than EFAULT */
290         if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != SCULLD_IOC_MAGIC) return -ENOTTY;
291         if (_IOC_NR(cmd) > SCULLD_IOC_MAXNR) return -ENOTTY;
292 
293         /*
294          * the type is a bitmask, and VERIFY_WRITE catches R/W
295          * transfers. Note that the type is user-oriented, while
296          * verify_area is kernel-oriented, so the concept of "read" and
297          * "write" is reversed
298          */
299         if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ)
300                 err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
301         else if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
302                 err =  !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
303         if (err)
304                 return -EFAULT;
305 
306         switch(cmd) {
307 
308         case SCULLD_IOCRESET:
309                 sculld_qset = SCULLD_QSET;
310                 sculld_order = SCULLD_ORDER;
311                 break;
312 
313         case SCULLD_IOCSORDER: /* Set: arg points to the value */
314                 ret = __get_user(sculld_order, (int __user *) arg);
315                 break;
316 
317         case SCULLD_IOCTORDER: /* Tell: arg is the value */
318                 sculld_order = arg;
319                 break;
320 
321         case SCULLD_IOCGORDER: /* Get: arg is pointer to result */
322                 ret = __put_user (sculld_order, (int __user *) arg);
323                 break;
324 
325         case SCULLD_IOCQORDER: /* Query: return it (it's positive) */
326                 return sculld_order;
327 
328         case SCULLD_IOCXORDER: /* eXchange: use arg as pointer */
329                 tmp = sculld_order;
330                 ret = __get_user(sculld_order, (int __user *) arg);
331                 if (ret == 0)
332                         ret = __put_user(tmp, (int __user *) arg);
333                 break;
334 
335         case SCULLD_IOCHORDER: /* sHift: like Tell + Query */
336                 tmp = sculld_order;
337                 sculld_order = arg;
338                 return tmp;
339 
340         case SCULLD_IOCSQSET:
341                 ret = __get_user(sculld_qset, (int __user *) arg);
342                 break;
343 
344         case SCULLD_IOCTQSET:
345                 sculld_qset = arg;
346                 break;
347 
348         case SCULLD_IOCGQSET:
349                 ret = __put_user(sculld_qset, (int __user *)arg);
350                 break;
351 
352         case SCULLD_IOCQQSET:
353                 return sculld_qset;
354 
355         case SCULLD_IOCXQSET:
356                 tmp = sculld_qset;
357                 ret = __get_user(sculld_qset, (int __user *)arg);
358                 if (ret == 0)
359                         ret = __put_user(tmp, (int __user *)arg);
360                 break;
361 
362         case SCULLD_IOCHQSET:
363                 tmp = sculld_qset;
364                 sculld_qset = arg;
365                 return tmp;
366 
367         default:  /* redundant, as cmd was checked against MAXNR */
368                 return -ENOTTY;
369         }
370 
371         return ret;
372 }
373 
374 /*
375  * The "extended" operations
376  */
377 
378 loff_t sculld_llseek (struct file *filp, loff_t off, int whence)
379 {
380         struct sculld_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
381         long newpos;
382 
383         switch(whence) {
384         case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
385                 newpos = off;
386                 break;
387 
388         case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
389                 newpos = filp->f_pos + off;
390                 break;
391 
392         case 2: /* SEEK_END */
393                 newpos = dev->size + off;
394                 break;
395 
396         default: /* can't happen */
397                 return -EINVAL;
398         }
399         if (newpos<0) return -EINVAL;
400         filp->f_pos = newpos;
401         return newpos;
402 }
403 
404 
405 /*
406  * A simple asynchronous I/O implementation.
407  */
408 
409 struct async_work {
410         struct kiocb *iocb;
411         int result;
412         struct work_struct work;
413 };
414 
415 /*
416  * "Complete" an asynchronous operation.
417  */
418 static void sculld_do_deferred_op(void *p)
419 {
420         struct async_work *stuff = (struct async_work *) p;
421         aio_complete(stuff->iocb, stuff->result, 0);
422         kfree(stuff);
423 }
424 
425 
426 static int sculld_defer_op(int write, struct kiocb *iocb, char __user *buf,
427                 size_t count, loff_t pos)
428 {
429         struct async_work *stuff;
430         int result;
431 
432         /* Copy now while we can access the buffer */
433         if (write)
434                 result = sculld_write(iocb->ki_filp, buf, count, &pos);
435         else
436                 result = sculld_read(iocb->ki_filp, buf, count, &pos);
437 
438         /* If this is a synchronous IOCB, we return our status now. */
439         if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb))
440                 return result;
441 
442         /* Otherwise defer the completion for a few milliseconds. */
443         stuff = kmalloc (sizeof (*stuff), GFP_KERNEL);
444         if (stuff == NULL)
445                 return result; /* No memory, just complete now */
446         stuff->iocb = iocb;
447         stuff->result = result;
448         INIT_WORK(&stuff->work, sculld_do_deferred_op, stuff);
449         schedule_delayed_work(&stuff->work, HZ/100);
450         return -EIOCBQUEUED;
451 }
452 
453 
454 static ssize_t sculld_aio_read(struct kiocb *iocb, char __user *buf, size_t count,
455                 loff_t pos)
456 {
457         return sculld_defer_op(0, iocb, buf, count, pos);
458 }
459 
460 static ssize_t sculld_aio_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const char __user *buf,
461                 size_t count, loff_t pos)
462 {
463         return sculld_defer_op(1, iocb, (char __user *) buf, count, pos);
464 }
465 
466 
467  
468 /*
469  * Mmap *is* available, but confined in a different file
470  */
471 extern int sculld_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma);
472 
473 
474 /*
475  * The fops
476  */
477 
478 struct file_operations sculld_fops = {
479         .owner =     THIS_MODULE,
480         .llseek =    sculld_llseek,
481         .read =      sculld_read,
482         .write =     sculld_write,
483         .ioctl =     sculld_ioctl,
484         .mmap =      sculld_mmap,
485         .open =      sculld_open,
486         .release =   sculld_release,
487         .aio_read =  sculld_aio_read,
488         .aio_write = sculld_aio_write,
489 };
490 
491 int sculld_trim(struct sculld_dev *dev)
492 {
493         struct sculld_dev *next, *dptr;
494         int qset = dev->qset;   /* "dev" is not-null */
495         int i;
496 
497         if (dev->vmas) /* don't trim: there are active mappings */
498                 return -EBUSY;
499 
500         for (dptr = dev; dptr; dptr = next) { /* all the list items */
501                 if (dptr->data) {
502                         /* This code frees a whole quantum-set */
503                         for (i = 0; i < qset; i++)
504                                 if (dptr->data[i])
505                                         free_pages((unsigned long)(dptr->data[i]),
506                                                         dptr->order);
507 
508                         kfree(dptr->data);
509                         dptr->data=NULL;
510                 }
511                 next=dptr->next;
512                 if (dptr != dev) kfree(dptr); /* all of them but the first */
513         }
514         dev->size = 0;
515         dev->qset = sculld_qset;
516         dev->order = sculld_order;
517         dev->next = NULL;
518         return 0;
519 }
520 
521 
522 static void sculld_setup_cdev(struct sculld_dev *dev, int index)
523 {
524         int err, devno = MKDEV(sculld_major, index);
525     
526         cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &sculld_fops);
527         dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
528         dev->cdev.ops = &sculld_fops;
529         err = cdev_add (&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
530         /* Fail gracefully if need be */
531         if (err)
532                 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding scull%d", err, index);
533 }
534 
535 static ssize_t sculld_show_dev(struct device *ddev, char *buf)
536 {
537         struct sculld_dev *dev = ddev->driver_data;
538 
539         return print_dev_t(buf, dev->cdev.dev);
540 }
541 
542 static DEVICE_ATTR(dev, S_IRUGO, sculld_show_dev, NULL);
543 
544 static void sculld_register_dev(struct sculld_dev *dev, int index)
545 {
546         sprintf(dev->devname, "sculld%d", index);
547         dev->ldev.name = dev->devname;
548         dev->ldev.driver = &sculld_driver;
549         dev->ldev.dev.driver_data = dev;
550         register_ldd_device(&dev->ldev);
551         device_create_file(&dev->ldev.dev, &dev_attr_dev);
552 }
553 
554 
555 /*
556  * Finally, the module stuff
557  */
558 
559 int sculld_init(void)
560 {
561         int result, i;
562         dev_t dev = MKDEV(sculld_major, 0);
563         
564         /*
565          * Register your major, and accept a dynamic number.
566          */
567         if (sculld_major)
568                 result = register_chrdev_region(dev, sculld_devs, "sculld");
569         else {
570                 result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, sculld_devs, "sculld");
571                 sculld_major = MAJOR(dev);
572         }
573         if (result < 0)
574                 return result;
575 
576         /*
577          * Register with the driver core.
578          */
579         register_ldd_driver(&sculld_driver);
580         
581         /* 
582          * allocate the devices -- we can't have them static, as the number
583          * can be specified at load time
584          */
585         sculld_devices = kmalloc(sculld_devs*sizeof (struct sculld_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
586         if (!sculld_devices) {
587                 result = -ENOMEM;
588                 goto fail_malloc;
589         }
590         memset(sculld_devices, 0, sculld_devs*sizeof (struct sculld_dev));
591         for (i = 0; i < sculld_devs; i++) {
592                 sculld_devices[i].order = sculld_order;
593                 sculld_devices[i].qset = sculld_qset;
594                 sema_init (&sculld_devices[i].sem, 1);
595                 sculld_setup_cdev(sculld_devices + i, i);
596                 sculld_register_dev(sculld_devices + i, i);
597         }
598 
599 
600 #ifdef SCULLD_USE_PROC /* only when available */
601         create_proc_read_entry("sculldmem", 0, NULL, sculld_read_procmem, NULL);
602 #endif
603         return 0; /* succeed */
604 
605   fail_malloc:
606         unregister_chrdev_region(dev, sculld_devs);
607         return result;
608 }
609 
610 
611 
612 void sculld_cleanup(void)
613 {
614         int i;
615 
616 #ifdef SCULLD_USE_PROC
617         remove_proc_entry("sculldmem", NULL);
618 #endif
619 
620         for (i = 0; i < sculld_devs; i++) {
621                 unregister_ldd_device(&sculld_devices[i].ldev);
622                 cdev_del(&sculld_devices[i].cdev);
623                 sculld_trim(sculld_devices + i);
624         }
625         kfree(sculld_devices);
626         unregister_ldd_driver(&sculld_driver);
627         unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV (sculld_major, 0), sculld_devs);
628 }
629 
630 
631 module_init(sculld_init);
632 module_exit(sculld_cleanup);
633 
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