Linux kernel & device driver programming

Cross-Referenced Linux and Device Driver Code

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Version: [ 2.6.11.8 ] [ 2.6.25 ] [ 2.6.25.8 ] [ 2.6.31.13 ] Architecture: [ i386 ]
  1 /* -*- C -*-
  2  * main.c -- the bare scullc char module
  3  *
  4  * Copyright (C) 2001 Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet
  5  * Copyright (C) 2001 O'Reilly & Associates
  6  *
  7  * The source code in this file can be freely used, adapted,
  8  * and redistributed in source or binary form, so long as an
  9  * acknowledgment appears in derived source files.  The citation
 10  * should list that the code comes from the book "Linux Device
 11  * Drivers" by Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet, published
 12  * by O'Reilly & Associates.   No warranty is attached;
 13  * we cannot take responsibility for errors or fitness for use.
 14  *
 15  * $Id: _main.c.in,v 1.21 2004/10/14 20:11:39 corbet Exp $
 16  */
 17 
 18 #include <linux/config.h>
 19 #include <linux/module.h>
 20 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 21 #include <linux/init.h>
 22 #include <linux/kernel.h>       /* printk() */
 23 #include <linux/slab.h>         /* kmalloc() */
 24 #include <linux/fs.h>           /* everything... */
 25 #include <linux/errno.h>        /* error codes */
 26 #include <linux/types.h>        /* size_t */
 27 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 28 #include <linux/fcntl.h>        /* O_ACCMODE */
 29 #include <linux/aio.h>
 30 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 31 #include "scullc.h"             /* local definitions */
 32 
 33 
 34 int scullc_major =   SCULLC_MAJOR;
 35 int scullc_devs =    SCULLC_DEVS;       /* number of bare scullc devices */
 36 int scullc_qset =    SCULLC_QSET;
 37 int scullc_quantum = SCULLC_QUANTUM;
 38 
 39 module_param(scullc_major, int, 0);
 40 module_param(scullc_devs, int, 0);
 41 module_param(scullc_qset, int, 0);
 42 module_param(scullc_quantum, int, 0);
 43 MODULE_AUTHOR("Alessandro Rubini");
 44 MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
 45 
 46 struct scullc_dev *scullc_devices; /* allocated in scullc_init */
 47 
 48 int scullc_trim(struct scullc_dev *dev);
 49 void scullc_cleanup(void);
 50 
 51 /* declare one cache pointer: use it for all devices */
 52 kmem_cache_t *scullc_cache;
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 #ifdef SCULLC_USE_PROC /* don't waste space if unused */
 59 /*
 60  * The proc filesystem: function to read and entry
 61  */
 62 
 63 void scullc_proc_offset(char *buf, char **start, off_t *offset, int *len)
 64 {
 65         if (*offset == 0)
 66                 return;
 67         if (*offset >= *len) {
 68                 /* Not there yet */
 69                 *offset -= *len;
 70                 *len = 0;
 71         } else {
 72                 /* We're into the interesting stuff now */
 73                 *start = buf + *offset;
 74                 *offset = 0;
 75         }
 76 }
 77 
 78 /* FIXME: Do we need this here??  It be ugly  */
 79 int scullc_read_procmem(char *buf, char **start, off_t offset,
 80                    int count, int *eof, void *data)
 81 {
 82         int i, j, quantum, qset, len = 0;
 83         int limit = count - 80; /* Don't print more than this */
 84         struct scullc_dev *d;
 85 
 86         *start = buf;
 87         for(i = 0; i < scullc_devs; i++) {
 88                 d = &scullc_devices[i];
 89                 if (down_interruptible (&d->sem))
 90                         return -ERESTARTSYS;
 91                 qset = d->qset;  /* retrieve the features of each device */
 92                 quantum=d->quantum;
 93                 len += sprintf(buf+len,"\nDevice %i: qset %i, quantum %i, sz %li\n",
 94                                 i, qset, quantum, (long)(d->size));
 95                 for (; d; d = d->next) { /* scan the list */
 96                         len += sprintf(buf+len,"  item at %p, qset at %p\n",d,d->data);
 97                         scullc_proc_offset (buf, start, &offset, &len);
 98                         if (len > limit)
 99                                 goto out;
100                         if (d->data && !d->next) /* dump only the last item - save space */
101                                 for (j = 0; j < qset; j++) {
102                                         if (d->data[j])
103                                                 len += sprintf(buf+len,"    % 4i:%8p\n",j,d->data[j]);
104                                         scullc_proc_offset (buf, start, &offset, &len);
105                                         if (len > limit)
106                                                 goto out;
107                                 }
108                 }
109           out:
110                 up (&scullc_devices[i].sem);
111                 if (len > limit)
112                         break;
113         }
114         *eof = 1;
115         return len;
116 }
117 
118 #endif /* SCULLC_USE_PROC */
119 
120 /*
121  * Open and close
122  */
123 
124 int scullc_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
125 {
126         struct scullc_dev *dev; /* device information */
127 
128         /*  Find the device */
129         dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct scullc_dev, cdev);
130 
131         /* now trim to 0 the length of the device if open was write-only */
132         if ( (filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) {
133                 if (down_interruptible (&dev->sem))
134                         return -ERESTARTSYS;
135                 scullc_trim(dev); /* ignore errors */
136                 up (&dev->sem);
137         }
138 
139         /* and use filp->private_data to point to the device data */
140         filp->private_data = dev;
141 
142         return 0;          /* success */
143 }
144 
145 int scullc_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
146 {
147         return 0;
148 }
149 
150 /*
151  * Follow the list 
152  */
153 struct scullc_dev *scullc_follow(struct scullc_dev *dev, int n)
154 {
155         while (n--) {
156                 if (!dev->next) {
157                         dev->next = kmalloc(sizeof(struct scullc_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
158                         memset(dev->next, 0, sizeof(struct scullc_dev));
159                 }
160                 dev = dev->next;
161                 continue;
162         }
163         return dev;
164 }
165 
166 /*
167  * Data management: read and write
168  */
169 
170 ssize_t scullc_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
171                 loff_t *f_pos)
172 {
173         struct scullc_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /* the first listitem */
174         struct scullc_dev *dptr;
175         int quantum = dev->quantum;
176         int qset = dev->qset;
177         int itemsize = quantum * qset; /* how many bytes in the listitem */
178         int item, s_pos, q_pos, rest;
179         ssize_t retval = 0;
180 
181         if (down_interruptible (&dev->sem))
182                 return -ERESTARTSYS;
183         if (*f_pos > dev->size) 
184                 goto nothing;
185         if (*f_pos + count > dev->size)
186                 count = dev->size - *f_pos;
187         /* find listitem, qset index, and offset in the quantum */
188         item = ((long) *f_pos) / itemsize;
189         rest = ((long) *f_pos) % itemsize;
190         s_pos = rest / quantum; q_pos = rest % quantum;
191 
192         /* follow the list up to the right position (defined elsewhere) */
193         dptr = scullc_follow(dev, item);
194 
195         if (!dptr->data)
196                 goto nothing; /* don't fill holes */
197         if (!dptr->data[s_pos])
198                 goto nothing;
199         if (count > quantum - q_pos)
200                 count = quantum - q_pos; /* read only up to the end of this quantum */
201 
202         if (copy_to_user (buf, dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos, count)) {
203                 retval = -EFAULT;
204                 goto nothing;
205         }
206         up (&dev->sem);
207 
208         *f_pos += count;
209         return count;
210 
211   nothing:
212         up (&dev->sem);
213         return retval;
214 }
215 
216 
217 
218 ssize_t scullc_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,
219                 loff_t *f_pos)
220 {
221         struct scullc_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
222         struct scullc_dev *dptr;
223         int quantum = dev->quantum;
224         int qset = dev->qset;
225         int itemsize = quantum * qset;
226         int item, s_pos, q_pos, rest;
227         ssize_t retval = -ENOMEM; /* our most likely error */
228 
229         if (down_interruptible (&dev->sem))
230                 return -ERESTARTSYS;
231 
232         /* find listitem, qset index and offset in the quantum */
233         item = ((long) *f_pos) / itemsize;
234         rest = ((long) *f_pos) % itemsize;
235         s_pos = rest / quantum; q_pos = rest % quantum;
236 
237         /* follow the list up to the right position */
238         dptr = scullc_follow(dev, item);
239         if (!dptr->data) {
240                 dptr->data = kmalloc(qset * sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);
241                 if (!dptr->data)
242                         goto nomem;
243                 memset(dptr->data, 0, qset * sizeof(char *));
244         }
245         /* Allocate a quantum using the memory cache */
246         if (!dptr->data[s_pos]) {
247                 dptr->data[s_pos] = kmem_cache_alloc(scullc_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
248                 if (!dptr->data[s_pos])
249                         goto nomem;
250                 memset(dptr->data[s_pos], 0, scullc_quantum);
251         }
252         if (count > quantum - q_pos)
253                 count = quantum - q_pos; /* write only up to the end of this quantum */
254         if (copy_from_user (dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos, buf, count)) {
255                 retval = -EFAULT;
256                 goto nomem;
257         }
258         *f_pos += count;
259  
260         /* update the size */
261         if (dev->size < *f_pos)
262                 dev->size = *f_pos;
263         up (&dev->sem);
264         return count;
265 
266   nomem:
267         up (&dev->sem);
268         return retval;
269 }
270 
271 /*
272  * The ioctl() implementation
273  */
274 
275 int scullc_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp,
276                  unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
277 {
278 
279         int err = 0, ret = 0, tmp;
280 
281         /* don't even decode wrong cmds: better returning  ENOTTY than EFAULT */
282         if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != SCULLC_IOC_MAGIC) return -ENOTTY;
283         if (_IOC_NR(cmd) > SCULLC_IOC_MAXNR) return -ENOTTY;
284 
285         /*
286          * the type is a bitmask, and VERIFY_WRITE catches R/W
287          * transfers. Note that the type is user-oriented, while
288          * verify_area is kernel-oriented, so the concept of "read" and
289          * "write" is reversed
290          */
291         if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ)
292                 err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
293         else if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
294                 err =  !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
295         if (err)
296                 return -EFAULT;
297 
298         switch(cmd) {
299 
300         case SCULLC_IOCRESET:
301                 scullc_qset = SCULLC_QSET;
302                 scullc_quantum = SCULLC_QUANTUM;
303                 break;
304 
305         case SCULLC_IOCSQUANTUM: /* Set: arg points to the value */
306                 ret = __get_user(scullc_quantum, (int __user *) arg);
307                 break;
308 
309         case SCULLC_IOCTQUANTUM: /* Tell: arg is the value */
310                 scullc_quantum = arg;
311                 break;
312 
313         case SCULLC_IOCGQUANTUM: /* Get: arg is pointer to result */
314                 ret = __put_user (scullc_quantum, (int __user *) arg);
315                 break;
316 
317         case SCULLC_IOCQQUANTUM: /* Query: return it (it's positive) */
318                 return scullc_quantum;
319 
320         case SCULLC_IOCXQUANTUM: /* eXchange: use arg as pointer */
321                 tmp = scullc_quantum;
322                 ret = __get_user(scullc_quantum, (int __user *) arg);
323                 if (ret == 0)
324                         ret = __put_user(tmp, (int __user *) arg);
325                 break;
326 
327         case SCULLC_IOCHQUANTUM: /* sHift: like Tell + Query */
328                 tmp = scullc_quantum;
329                 scullc_quantum = arg;
330                 return tmp;
331 
332         case SCULLC_IOCSQSET:
333                 ret = __get_user(scullc_qset, (int __user *) arg);
334                 break;
335 
336         case SCULLC_IOCTQSET:
337                 scullc_qset = arg;
338                 break;
339 
340         case SCULLC_IOCGQSET:
341                 ret = __put_user(scullc_qset, (int __user *)arg);
342                 break;
343 
344         case SCULLC_IOCQQSET:
345                 return scullc_qset;
346 
347         case SCULLC_IOCXQSET:
348                 tmp = scullc_qset;
349                 ret = __get_user(scullc_qset, (int __user *)arg);
350                 if (ret == 0)
351                         ret = __put_user(tmp, (int __user *)arg);
352                 break;
353 
354         case SCULLC_IOCHQSET:
355                 tmp = scullc_qset;
356                 scullc_qset = arg;
357                 return tmp;
358 
359         default:  /* redundant, as cmd was checked against MAXNR */
360                 return -ENOTTY;
361         }
362 
363         return ret;
364 }
365 
366 /*
367  * The "extended" operations
368  */
369 
370 loff_t scullc_llseek (struct file *filp, loff_t off, int whence)
371 {
372         struct scullc_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
373         long newpos;
374 
375         switch(whence) {
376         case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
377                 newpos = off;
378                 break;
379 
380         case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
381                 newpos = filp->f_pos + off;
382                 break;
383 
384         case 2: /* SEEK_END */
385                 newpos = dev->size + off;
386                 break;
387 
388         default: /* can't happen */
389                 return -EINVAL;
390         }
391         if (newpos<0) return -EINVAL;
392         filp->f_pos = newpos;
393         return newpos;
394 }
395 
396 
397 /*
398  * A simple asynchronous I/O implementation.
399  */
400 
401 struct async_work {
402         struct kiocb *iocb;
403         int result;
404         struct work_struct work;
405 };
406 
407 /*
408  * "Complete" an asynchronous operation.
409  */
410 static void scullc_do_deferred_op(void *p)
411 {
412         struct async_work *stuff = (struct async_work *) p;
413         aio_complete(stuff->iocb, stuff->result, 0);
414         kfree(stuff);
415 }
416 
417 
418 static int scullc_defer_op(int write, struct kiocb *iocb, char __user *buf,
419                 size_t count, loff_t pos)
420 {
421         struct async_work *stuff;
422         int result;
423 
424         /* Copy now while we can access the buffer */
425         if (write)
426                 result = scullc_write(iocb->ki_filp, buf, count, &pos);
427         else
428                 result = scullc_read(iocb->ki_filp, buf, count, &pos);
429 
430         /* If this is a synchronous IOCB, we return our status now. */
431         if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb))
432                 return result;
433 
434         /* Otherwise defer the completion for a few milliseconds. */
435         stuff = kmalloc (sizeof (*stuff), GFP_KERNEL);
436         if (stuff == NULL)
437                 return result; /* No memory, just complete now */
438         stuff->iocb = iocb;
439         stuff->result = result;
440         INIT_WORK(&stuff->work, scullc_do_deferred_op, stuff);
441         schedule_delayed_work(&stuff->work, HZ/100);
442         return -EIOCBQUEUED;
443 }
444 
445 
446 static ssize_t scullc_aio_read(struct kiocb *iocb, char __user *buf, size_t count,
447                 loff_t pos)
448 {
449         return scullc_defer_op(0, iocb, buf, count, pos);
450 }
451 
452 static ssize_t scullc_aio_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const char __user *buf,
453                 size_t count, loff_t pos)
454 {
455         return scullc_defer_op(1, iocb, (char __user *) buf, count, pos);
456 }
457 
458 
459  
460 
461 /*
462  * The fops
463  */
464 
465 struct file_operations scullc_fops = {
466         .owner =     THIS_MODULE,
467         .llseek =    scullc_llseek,
468         .read =      scullc_read,
469         .write =     scullc_write,
470         .ioctl =     scullc_ioctl,
471         .open =      scullc_open,
472         .release =   scullc_release,
473         .aio_read =  scullc_aio_read,
474         .aio_write = scullc_aio_write,
475 };
476 
477 int scullc_trim(struct scullc_dev *dev)
478 {
479         struct scullc_dev *next, *dptr;
480         int qset = dev->qset;   /* "dev" is not-null */
481         int i;
482 
483         if (dev->vmas) /* don't trim: there are active mappings */
484                 return -EBUSY;
485 
486         for (dptr = dev; dptr; dptr = next) { /* all the list items */
487                 if (dptr->data) {
488                         for (i = 0; i < qset; i++)
489                                 if (dptr->data[i])
490                                         kmem_cache_free(scullc_cache, dptr->data[i]);
491 
492                         kfree(dptr->data);
493                         dptr->data=NULL;
494                 }
495                 next=dptr->next;
496                 if (dptr != dev) kfree(dptr); /* all of them but the first */
497         }
498         dev->size = 0;
499         dev->qset = scullc_qset;
500         dev->quantum = scullc_quantum;
501         dev->next = NULL;
502         return 0;
503 }
504 
505 
506 static void scullc_setup_cdev(struct scullc_dev *dev, int index)
507 {
508         int err, devno = MKDEV(scullc_major, index);
509     
510         cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &scullc_fops);
511         dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
512         dev->cdev.ops = &scullc_fops;
513         err = cdev_add (&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
514         /* Fail gracefully if need be */
515         if (err)
516                 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding scull%d", err, index);
517 }
518 
519 
520 
521 /*
522  * Finally, the module stuff
523  */
524 
525 int scullc_init(void)
526 {
527         int result, i;
528         dev_t dev = MKDEV(scullc_major, 0);
529         
530         /*
531          * Register your major, and accept a dynamic number.
532          */
533         if (scullc_major)
534                 result = register_chrdev_region(dev, scullc_devs, "scullc");
535         else {
536                 result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, scullc_devs, "scullc");
537                 scullc_major = MAJOR(dev);
538         }
539         if (result < 0)
540                 return result;
541 
542         
543         /* 
544          * allocate the devices -- we can't have them static, as the number
545          * can be specified at load time
546          */
547         scullc_devices = kmalloc(scullc_devs*sizeof (struct scullc_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
548         if (!scullc_devices) {
549                 result = -ENOMEM;
550                 goto fail_malloc;
551         }
552         memset(scullc_devices, 0, scullc_devs*sizeof (struct scullc_dev));
553         for (i = 0; i < scullc_devs; i++) {
554                 scullc_devices[i].quantum = scullc_quantum;
555                 scullc_devices[i].qset = scullc_qset;
556                 sema_init (&scullc_devices[i].sem, 1);
557                 scullc_setup_cdev(scullc_devices + i, i);
558         }
559 
560         scullc_cache = kmem_cache_create("scullc", scullc_quantum,
561                         0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL, NULL); /* no ctor/dtor */
562         if (!scullc_cache) {
563                 scullc_cleanup();
564                 return -ENOMEM;
565         }
566 
567 #ifdef SCULLC_USE_PROC /* only when available */
568         create_proc_read_entry("scullcmem", 0, NULL, scullc_read_procmem, NULL);
569 #endif
570         return 0; /* succeed */
571 
572   fail_malloc:
573         unregister_chrdev_region(dev, scullc_devs);
574         return result;
575 }
576 
577 
578 
579 void scullc_cleanup(void)
580 {
581         int i;
582 
583 #ifdef SCULLC_USE_PROC
584         remove_proc_entry("scullcmem", NULL);
585 #endif
586 
587         for (i = 0; i < scullc_devs; i++) {
588                 cdev_del(&scullc_devices[i].cdev);
589                 scullc_trim(scullc_devices + i);
590         }
591         kfree(scullc_devices);
592 
593         if (scullc_cache)
594                 kmem_cache_destroy(scullc_cache);
595         unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV (scullc_major, 0), scullc_devs);
596 }
597 
598 
599 module_init(scullc_init);
600 module_exit(scullc_cleanup);
601 
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